Psychopathology

Question 1

what is statistical infrequency

Answer 1

occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic

Question 2

what is an example of statistical infrequency

Answer 2

IQ and intellectual disability disorder

68% of people score 85-115 IQ whereas score below 70 = intellectual disability disorder (2% of all people)

Question 3

what is deviation from social norms

Answer 3

concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards in a society (social norms)

Question 4

what is an example of deviation from social norms

Answer 4

antisocial personality disorder (psychopathy)
DSM-5 scale

Question 5

how can statistical infrequency be used in real world application

Answer 5

clinical practice
use as a diagnosis and a scale for the extremity of the disorder

Question 6

what is a problem with statistical infrequency

Answer 6

unusual characters can be positive

Question 7

what real world application is there for deviation from social norms

Answer 7

clinical practice

Question 8

what is a problem with the deviance from social norms

Answer 8

cultural and situational relativism

Question 9

define failure to function adequately

Answer 9

occurs when a person struggles to cope with day to day living

Question 10

what did rosenhan and seligman 1989 suggest about failure to function adequately

Answer 10

proposed additional signs to identify when a person isnt coping well:

no longer conforms to standard interpersonal rules, e.g. eye contact

experience extreme distress

behaviour becomes irrational or danger to themselves

Question 11

what is an example of failure to function adequately

Answer 11

intellectual disability disorder

Question 12

what is deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 12

occurs when a person doesnt meet the set criteria for ideal mental health

Question 13

what did jahoda 1958 suggest about the ideal mental health

Answer 13

need to met following criteria:

no distress
self actualised
rational perceptions of ourselves
realistic view of the world
good self esteem
cope with stress
independent of other people
able to work successfully and enjoy life

Question 14

name one strength and one limitation for failure to function adequately

Answer 14

+allows a representation for help and identify when help is necassary

• discrimination and social control

Question 15

name one strength and one limitation for deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 15

+ comprehensive definition, many aspects to it very detailed

• may be culture bound

Question 16

what are the DSM-5 categories for phobias

Answer 16

specific phobias- injections

social anxiety (social phobia)

agoraphobia

Question 17

define phobia

Answer 17

an irrational fear towards an object or situation

Question 18

name the behavioural characteristics for phobias

Answer 18

panic
avoidance
endurance

Question 19

name the emotional characteristics for phobias

Answer 19

anxiety
fear
emotional response that is unreasonable

Question 20

name the cognitive characteristics for phobias

Answer 20

selective attention to phobic stimulus
irrational beliefs
cognitive distortions

Question 21

what are the DSM-5 categories for depression

Answer 21

major depressive disorder
persistent depressive disorder
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 22

name the behavioural characteristics for depression

Answer 22

activity levels (psychomotor agitation)
disruption to sleeping and eating behaviour
aggression and self harm

Question 23

name the emotional characteristics to depression

Answer 23

lowered mood
anger
lowered self esteem

Question 24

name the cognitive characteristics to depression

Answer 24

poor concentration

attention to dwell on the negative

absolutist thinking

Question 25

what are the DSM-5 categories for OCD

Answer 25

OCD trichotillomania hoarding disorder excoriation disorder

Question 26

name the behavioural characteristics of OCD

Answer 26

compulsions are repetitive compulsions reduce anxiety avoidance

Question 27

name the emotional characteristic of OCD

Answer 27

anxiety and distress accompanying depression guilt and disgust

Question 28

name the cognitive characteristics of OCD

Answer 28

obsessive thoughts cognitive coping strategies insight into excessive anxiety

Question 29

what did mowrer discover 1960

Answer 29

two process model behaviourist approach to phobias explaining

Question 30

what is the behaviourist two process model

Answer 30

using operant and classical conditioning to explain phobias

Question 31

what did watson and rayner 1920 discover

Answer 31

classical conditioning little albert study loud noise against a metal bar (ucs)= fear (ucr) rat comes in (ns) little albert associates rat with loud noise= fear (cr)

Question 32

what did mowrer suggest about operant conditioning in the two process model for phobias

Answer 32

maintaining the phobia

Question 33

what real world application is there for the two process model for explaining phobias

Answer 33

development of exposure therepy

Question 34

what is an additional strength of the two process model

Answer 34

link between phobias and traumatic experiences 73% of people who far dentists had a traumatic experience compared to 21% in low anxiety control group

Question 35

what is a problem with the two process model in explaining phobias

Answer 35

ignores cognitive processes

Question 36

what systematic desensitisation

Answer 36

behavioural therapy designed to reduce unwanted responses

Question 37

what is the process for systematic desensitisation

Answer 37

1. anxiety hierarchy 2. relaxation- reciprocal inhibition 3. exposure

Question 38

what is systematic desensitisation also known as

Answer 38

counterconditioning

Question 39

what is flooding

Answer 39

behavioural therapy in which the person with the phobia is exposed to an extreme form of the phobic stimulus in order to reduce the anxiety

Question 40

how does flooding work

Answer 40

process called extinction facing the fear allows for the patient to desensitise to the phobic stimulus