psychopathology Flashcards
Jahoda
-ideal mental health criteria
-no symptoms or distress
-we can perceive ourselves accurately
-we self-actualise
-we are independent of other people
-we can cope with stress
-we have realistic view of the world
-good self esteem
we can successfully work love and enjoy our leisure
Watson and Rayner
Little Albert
Jongh
Found that 73% of people with a fear of dental treatments had experienced a traumatic experience, mostly involving dentistry
Gilroy
-supports effectiveness of SD
-followed up 42 people who had SD fir spider phobia in 3 45-minute sessions. At both 3 and 33 months, the SD group were less fearful than a control group treated by relaxation without exposure
Schumacher
Found that ppts and therapists rated flooding as significantly more stressful than SD
Persons
-Symptom substitution
-Reported case of a women with a phobia of death who was treated using flooding - her fear of death declined but her fear of being criticised got worse (-case study)
Clark and Beck
concluded that the cognitive vulnerabilities that were more common in depressed people, also preceded the depression
Cohen
-link to Clark and Beck
tracked the development of 473 adolescents, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability - found that showing cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression
March
compared CBT to antidepressant drugs and also to a combination of both treatments when treating 327 depressed adolescents
-after 36 weeks
81% of antidepressant group significantly improved
81% of CBT did
and 86% of both did
-shows that CBT is just as effective as drugs and more so when used combined
Sturmey
suggests that in general, any form of psychotherapy is not suitable for people with learning disabilities
Lewis and Lewis
Concluded that CBT was as effective as antidepressant drugs and behavioural therapy for severe depression
Taylor
Concluded that, when used appropriately, CBT is effective for people with learning disabilities
Ali
assessed depression in 439 clients every month for 12 months following a course of CBT - 42% of clients relapsed into depression within six months and 53% within a year
Lewis OCD
observed that of his OCD patients, 37% had parents with OCD and 21% had siblings
Nestadt
reviewed twin studies and found that 68% of MZ twins shared OCD and 31% of DZ did
Marini
4x more likely to have OCD is someone you’re related to does
Soomro
reviewed 17 studies that compared SSRIs to placebos and found that symptoms were reduced for 70% of people taking SSRIs
Skapinakis
systematic review of outcome studies and concluded that both cognitive and behavioural exposure therapies were more effective than SSRis
Kromer
found that over half the OCD clients in their sample had experienced a traumatic event in their past
OCD was also more server in those with one or more traumas
