attachment names Flashcards

1
Q

Meltzoff and Moore

A

Interactional Synchrony -
-Observed babies as young as 2 weeks old
-An an adult displayed 1 of 3 facial expressions and 1 of 3 distinct gestures
-babies response was filmed and labelled by independent observers
-Babies expressions and gestures tended to mostly mirror those of adults

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2
Q

Isabella et al-

A

Importance of Interactional synchrony in attachment-
-Observed 30 mothers and babies together and assessed degree of synchrony + quality of mother-baby attachment
-found that higher levels of synchrony = better quality attachment

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3
Q

Feldman

A

Care giver infant interactions -
Points out that ideas like synchrony just give names to observable behaviours and doe not tell us the purpose of them- therefore we cannot know the importance of it on a Childs development

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4
Q

Schaffer and Emerson

A

Stages of attachment-
-observational study of 60 babies from Glasgow in working class families
-Visited babies and mothers in their homes every month for the first year and again at 18 months
-researchers asked mothers questions about how their babies responded to everyday separations to test separation anxiety and babies attachments
- found the 4 stages

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5
Q

Lorenz

A
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6
Q

Harlow

A
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7
Q

Regolin + Vallortigara

A

-Support for Lorenz
Chicks were exposed to simple shape combinations that moved, such as triangle with a rectangle in front. A range of shape combinations were moved in front of them and they followed the original most closely.

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8
Q

Field

A

-filmed 4 month old babies in face to face interaction in diff conditions- primary caregiver mothers, secondary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers
Primary caregiver mothers?fathers spent more time smiling, imitating and holding babies - having potential to form important attachments through reciprocity

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9
Q

Grossman -

A

Longitudinal study where babies attachments were studied until they were teens
-researcher looked at both babies parents behaviours and its relationship to the quality of babies later attachments to other people
-quality of babies attachment to mothers was related to attachments in adolescence - not fathers
-also found that qualities of fathers play w babies was related to quality of adolescents attachments - suggests father have a diff role to mothers - one of play and simulation

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10
Q

Schaffer Emerson (Fathers)

A

-3% of fathers became first sole object of attachment
-27% father was joint first object of attachment w mother
-However 75% of babies had formed a solid attachment w father by 18 months

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11
Q

Brazelton -

A

-observed babies eliciting interactions from caregivers using social releasers - researchers instructed the caregivers to ignore babies social releasers and they became increasingly distressed
- role of social releasers

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12
Q

Bailey et al

A

-Internal working model
-Assessed relationships between 99 mothers and their 1 year old
-assessed mothers relationships with their own primary attachment figure
-found that mothers with poor attachments to their own primary attachment fig were most likely to have poorly attached babies

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13
Q

Ainsworth

A
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14
Q

Bick et al

A

testes inter rater reliability for strange situation and found agreement on attachment types in 94% of cases

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15
Q

Takahashi

A

-Strange situation
-IN Japan many babies were labelled as insecure resistant due to high separation anxiety - but he suggests this is due to how unusual mother baby separation is in Japan

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16
Q

Van Ijzendoorn + Kroonenberg

A

-Conducted a meta analysis of 32 locations to look out how proportions of different attachment types varied over different locations
-found that Secure attachments were the most common-but the amount varied depending on the location
-In individualist cultures- insecure resistant was similar to the findings of the original study, but not for collectivist cultures (china, Japan, Israel) where the rates were above 25% (14% for the OG)

17
Q

Bowlby 44 thieves

A

-Bowbly examined the link between afectionless psychopathy (AP) and maternal deprivation
-44 criminal teenagers were interviewed for signs of AP(characterised by lack of affection, guilt and sympathy)
-Families were also interviewed to establish is they had prolonged early separations from mothers
-Found that 14/44 could be described as AP - 12 of these experienced maternal deprivation in critical period
-only 5 in remaining 30 had experienced separations

18
Q

Rutter

A

-Followed a group of 165 Romanian orphans for many years as a part of ERA study - the orphans had been adopted by UK families
-To see if good care could make up for poor early experiences in institutions,
-Psychological, cognitive and emotional levels were assessed at 4,6,11, 15 and 22-25.
-52 UK children adopted at same time as control group
-found that when children first around in UK- 1/2 showed signs of delayed intellect and were severely malnourished
at 11- adopted children showed differential rates of recovery that were related to age of adoption -
Mean IQ-
adopted before 6m - 102
adopted between 6m-2y- 86
adopted after 2y- 77
-also found that children adopted after 6 months showed signs of disinhibited attachment - attention seeking behaviour, clinginess, and indiscriminate social behaviour to all adults, familiar and unfamiliar

19
Q

Kennedy

A

ADHD was more common in Romanian orphans in 15 and 22-25 year old samples

20
Q

Zeneah

A

conducted Bucharest early intervention project - assessing attachment in 95 Romanian children ages 12-31 months who has spent most (90% average) of their lives in institutions
-attachment was measured using SS
-19% secure (control 74%)
-44% disinhibited

21
Q

Wilson + Smith

A

-Supports relationships in childhood
-assessed attachment type and bullying involvement using questionnaires in children aged 7-11 from London.
-securely attached children are less likely to be involved in bullying
-Insecure avoidant and most likely to be victims of bullying
-Insecure resistant most likely to be bullies

22
Q

Hilda Lewis

A

conflicting evidence for 44 thieves
-failed to produce similar results
-looked at 500 young people and found no association between early separation and later psychopathy

23
Q

Myron - Wilson and smith

A

assessed attachment type and bullying involvement using standard questionnaires in 196 children aged 7-11 from London
-secure children were very unlikely to be involved in bullying
-insecure avoidant were most likely to be victims of bullying
-insecure resistant were most likely to be bullies

24
Q

Hazan and shaver

A

-the love quiz
-analysed 620 replies to a love quiz printed in an American newspaper
-quiz had 3 sections - current relationships, general love experiences, and attachment type
-those with secure attachments were most likely to have a good and longer lasting relationship
-avoidant respondents tended to hreveal jealousy or fear of intimacy