attachment names Flashcards
Meltzoff and Moore
Interactional Synchrony -
-Observed babies as young as 2 weeks old
-An an adult displayed 1 of 3 facial expressions and 1 of 3 distinct gestures
-babies response was filmed and labelled by independent observers
-Babies expressions and gestures tended to mostly mirror those of adults
Isabella et al-
Importance of Interactional synchrony in attachment-
-Observed 30 mothers and babies together and assessed degree of synchrony + quality of mother-baby attachment
-found that higher levels of synchrony = better quality attachment
Feldman
Care giver infant interactions -
Points out that ideas like synchrony just give names to observable behaviours and doe not tell us the purpose of them- therefore we cannot know the importance of it on a Childs development
Schaffer and Emerson
Stages of attachment-
-observational study of 60 babies from Glasgow in working class families
-Visited babies and mothers in their homes every month for the first year and again at 18 months
-researchers asked mothers questions about how their babies responded to everyday separations to test separation anxiety and babies attachments
- found the 4 stages
Lorenz
Harlow
Regolin + Vallortigara
-Support for Lorenz
Chicks were exposed to simple shape combinations that moved, such as triangle with a rectangle in front. A range of shape combinations were moved in front of them and they followed the original most closely.
Field
-filmed 4 month old babies in face to face interaction in diff conditions- primary caregiver mothers, secondary caregiver fathers and secondary caregiver fathers
Primary caregiver mothers?fathers spent more time smiling, imitating and holding babies - having potential to form important attachments through reciprocity
Grossman -
Longitudinal study where babies attachments were studied until they were teens
-researcher looked at both babies parents behaviours and its relationship to the quality of babies later attachments to other people
-quality of babies attachment to mothers was related to attachments in adolescence - not fathers
-also found that qualities of fathers play w babies was related to quality of adolescents attachments - suggests father have a diff role to mothers - one of play and simulation
Schaffer Emerson (Fathers)
-3% of fathers became first sole object of attachment
-27% father was joint first object of attachment w mother
-However 75% of babies had formed a solid attachment w father by 18 months
Brazelton -
-observed babies eliciting interactions from caregivers using social releasers - researchers instructed the caregivers to ignore babies social releasers and they became increasingly distressed
- role of social releasers
Bailey et al
-Internal working model
-Assessed relationships between 99 mothers and their 1 year old
-assessed mothers relationships with their own primary attachment figure
-found that mothers with poor attachments to their own primary attachment fig were most likely to have poorly attached babies
Ainsworth
Bick et al
testes inter rater reliability for strange situation and found agreement on attachment types in 94% of cases
Takahashi
-Strange situation
-IN Japan many babies were labelled as insecure resistant due to high separation anxiety - but he suggests this is due to how unusual mother baby separation is in Japan