Psychopathology

Question 1

Explain failure to function adequately and what are the signs

Answer 1

• failing to cope with the demands of everyday life
• the signs are not conforming to inter personal rules e.g personal distress
• intellectually disability disorder: failure to function is part of the diagnosis as well as low IQ.

Question 2

state 2 evaluation points for failure to function adequately

Answer 2

• is it different from deviation to social norms

- subjective judgement- requires a subjective judgement during assesment

Question 3

define deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 3

jahoda concidered normality rather than abnormality

signs: lack of symptoms, rationality, self actualization, coping with stress

Question 4

Name 2 evaluation points from deviation to ideal mental health

Answer 4

comprehensive Definition- includes all the reasons anyone might seek help
Culture relativism- ideas specific to western cultures e.g self actualization

Question 5

define statistical infrequency

Answer 5

• numerically unusual behavior or characteristic

Question 6

If your IQ is below 70 what could your diagnosis be

Answer 6

Intellectual disability disorder

Question 7

State some evaluation points for statistical infrequency

Answer 7

• real life application: simple means of assessing patients

- unusual characteristic can be positive

Question 8

what is systematic desensititation

Answer 8

is an anxiety heirachy which is a list of situations ranked for how much anxiety they produce

Question 9

What are some evaluation points for systematic desensitiation

Answer 9

Gilray - more effective than relaxation alone after 33 months

acceptable to patients- prefer flooding so drop out rates are lower

Question 10

Stae 2 Behavioural cahracteristics of Phobias

Answer 10

panic
avoidance
endurance

Question 11

State 2 emotional characteristics of phobias

Answer 11

irrational

unreasonable

Question 12

state two cognitive characteristics of Phobias

Answer 12

• selective attention
• irrational beliefs
• cognitive disortions

Question 13

Name the three behavioural explanations for phobias

Answer 13

1. two process model- two processes of conditioning
2. Acquisition by classical conditioning- unconditioned stimulus produces a fear response. UCS then associated with neutral stimulus
3. Maintenance by operant conditioning- avoidance of phobic stimulus reinforced by anxiety reduction so the phobia is maintained

Question 14

Name 2 evaluation points of the Behavioural explanation for phobias

Answer 14

• alternative explanation for avoidance- may be motivated by seeking safety rather than anxiety reduction
• incomplete explanation of phobias- cannot account for preparedness to acquire phobias of some stimuli and not others

Question 15

Give 2 behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 15

lethargy
increased or decreased sleeping or eating
agression/ self harm

Question 16

Give 2 emotional characteristics of depression

Answer 16

• lowered moods
• anger towards self and others
• low self esteem

Question 17

give 2 cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 17

• poor concentration
  negative bias
  absolutist thinking

Question 18

What is flooding

Answer 18

exposes patients to very frightening situation without build up.
works by extinction of the conditioned fear response

Question 19

Give 2 evaluation points for flooding

Answer 19

• traumatic- drop out rate so high so inneffective

cost effective- quicker and cheaper

Question 20

Define deviation from social norms

Answer 20

social judgement about what is acceptable

Question 21

what is antisocial personality disorder

Answer 21

impulsive, agressive irresponsible behaviour; not socially acceptable

Question 22

What are 2 evaluation points for Deviation of social norms

Answer 22

cultural aspects- the ‘norm’ different in different cultures
not a sole explanation- other factors matter such as distress to other