PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 CHAPTER 07- Research Methods

Question 0

❓❓❓What is Central Tendency?

Answer 0

• a description statistic that indicates the ‘central’ or ‘average’ value of a set of scores

E.g mean, median, mode

Mean- average
Median- middle score
Mode- most frequent score

Question 1

❓❓❓What is frequency distribution?

Answer 1

• a way of organising data to show how often a value or measure occurs in a set of data

Question 2

☀️☀️☀️NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Answer 2

• most data collected in middle

Question 3

☀️☀️☀️POSITIVELY SKEWED DISTRIBUTION

Answer 3

• lots of low scores (scores on left)

Question 4

☀️☀️☀️NEGATIVELY SKEWED DISTRIBUTION

Answer 4

• lots of high scores (scores of right)

Question 5

☀️☀️☀️BIMODEL DISTRIBUTION

Answer 5

• two scores appear equally often (two peaks/modes)

Question 6

❓❓❓What is a range?

Answer 6

• the difference between the highest and the lowest scores

Question 7

❓❓❓What is the variance?

Answer 7

• represents the spread of scores around the mean

Question 8

❓❓❓What is standard deviation?

Answer 8

• summarises how far, on average, the score differs from the mean in the same units of measurement- higher standard deviation means more variance

Question 9

❓❓❓What are Participant Varibales?

Answer 9

• individual characteristics that participants bring with them to an experiment

E.g. Emotional state, self esteem, health

Question 10

❓❓❓What are Situational Variables?

Answer 10

• Variables associated with the experimental situation itself that many affect the results of an experiment

E.g. Uncomfortable seat, hot/cold room, venue

Question 11

❓❓❓What are Experimenter Variables?

Answer 11

• variables associated with the personality characteristics of the experimenter of the experimenter’s behaviour during the experiment which may affect the results of an experiment

E.g personal issues, health, experimenter being tires, expectations about the research

Question 12

☀️☀️☀️CORRELATION STUDY

Answer 12

• used to investigate the relationship between two or more variables

E.g is there a relationship between air temperature and violent crimes?

• the likelihood

E.g. Air temperature doesn’t cause crimes, it only increases the likelihood

Question 13

☀️☀️☀️NEGATIVE CORRELATION

Answer 13

• as values of one variable increase, the values of the second variable decrease

E.g. As babies are held MORE they tend to cry LESS
OR as babies are held LESS they tend to cry MORE

FURTHER FROM THE LINE = LESS CORRELATION

Question 14

☀️☀️☀️POSITIVE CORRELATION

Answer 14

• as the values of one variable increases, the values of the second variable also increase

E.g. As education increases, so does income

CLOSER TO THE LINE = MORE CORRELATION

Question 15

❓❓❓What is Validity?

Answer 15

• the extent to which a concept, conclusion or measurement is well-founded and corresponds accurately to the real world

Question 16

❓❓❓What is Internal Validity?

Answer 16

• Refers to the design of research and procedures used to conduct the study

E.g. Has the hypothesis been tested in a ‘convincing’ way?

Question 17

❓❓❓What is External Validity?

Answer 17

• means the conclusions can be generalised to the population from which the sample used in the study was drawn

E.g. Small sample of participants

Question 18

❓❓❓What is Reliability?

Answer 18

• refers to the consistency and stability of the results obtained from a research study
• results are the same every time