Psychology Test #4 Flashcards
The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people:
experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar
What determined whether college freshmen who had been randomly paired for a welcome week dance liked each other?
physical attractiveness
Which of the following is most clearly supported by research on social attraction?
Birds of a feather flock together
The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of _______ in explaining the behavior of others.
situational influences; personal dispositions
The tendency for initial compliance with a small request to facilitate subsequent compliance with a larger request is known as the:
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison line was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study:
conformity
Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community
Altruism
Conformity resulting from the acceptance of others; opinions about reality is said to a be a response to:
informational social influence
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the:
emergency is being observed by a number of other people
The best explanation for the inaction of bystander during the Kitty Genovese’s murder is that they failed to:
assume personal responsibility for helping the victim
Darley and Latane observed that most university students failed to help a person having gan epileptic seizure when they though there were four other witnesses to the emergency. The students’ failure to help is best explained in terms of:
Diffusion of responsibility
Arguments as to whether people’s behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the;
person-situation controversy
Philip Zimbardo devised a stimulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of:
role-playing on attitudes
Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that certain patient’s symptoms:
could not be explained readily in terms of neurological impairments
Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be:
preconscious
When 2-year- old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist demands of his:
Id
According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the _____ stage.
Phallic
Reaction formation refers to the process by which people:
consciously express feelings that are the opposite of unacceptable unconscious impulses.
Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul’s belief that his classmates are hostile is a:
Projection
Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr. Dutoit was most likely taking the:
TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)
Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are least likely to be highly:
conforming
Carl Rogers suggested that the ____ is a central feature of personality.
Self-concept
A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of:
conscientiousness
What are two factors that increase our liking for and attraction to another person? Describe on relevant study or piece of research evidence that provides support for the importance of these two factors.
- Proximity
- Exposure
Study: mere exposure effect (zajonic)
female confederates sat in the front row of class with no interaction.
Imagine that your team just won the big game. Given your understanding of attributions, please compare and contrast the kind of attributions your team will make for your win versus the kind of attributions that will be made by the other team. Be sure to describe internal and external attributions.
Winning Team
- Internal Attributions: We are good at the game.
- External Attributions: They are bad
Losing Team
- Internal Attributions: we weren’t playing our best
- External Attributions: The refs were biased
ion:
What factors influence whether not not people will help another person? Describe one study that examined when individuals will help another person.
- When you feel empathy (Batson)
- When there are fewer other people present
- pluralistic ignorance
- Seizure study
What is altruism?
The desire to help another person even if it involves some personal cost to the helper
Asch’s Line Study
- Participants judge the length of lines
- Only 1 real participant
Type of Conformity: Normative social influence
On their own: different to group response
Sherif’s Autokinetic Light Effect Study
Ps asked to judge distance light travels
- 1st make judgements alone
- 2nd make judgements in presence of others
- 3rd make judgments alone
Type of Conformity: Informational social influence.
- On their own: same as group (private conformity)
How our thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real or imagined presence of others.
Social psychology
What is the cyberball study?
Participants who are not pass the ball feel left out.
