Psychology test 3 Flashcards
- What is the definition of personality
a. Distinctive and relatively consistent ways of thinking and feeling and behaving that characterize a person’s responses to various life situations
- How are personality traits best described as
a. Relatively stable cognitive emotional and behavioral characteristics that help establish people’s individual identities and distinguish them from others
- What does A stand for in the big five personality traits
a. Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, AGREEABLENESS, Neuroticism
- All of the following were methods that Sigmund Freud used to discover hidden unconscious material except
a. It will be a defense mechanism that he didn’t really use the other things he did use
- Humanistic theorists
a. their actualization referring to the active process of realizing our total human potential
b. Learning is an active process
c. We acquire information most effectively when we actively think about or elaborate on its meaning
- What would being diagnosed with many different disorders be called/You get two or more disorders at the same time
a. Comorbidity
- Which of the following statements regarding the stability of personality traits is most accurate
a. In terms of stability across situations and across time some traits are relatively stable where as others show a capacity for change
- Identify the major psychological disorder that occurs when symptoms take a physical form even though no physical causes can be found
Somatic symptom disorders
- ______ disorder is a major psychological disorder that involves a sudden loss of memory or change of identity
Dissociative disorders
- Which of the following are types of anxiety disorders
a. Post-Traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder
- ______ are convincing sensory experiences that occur in the absence of an external stimulus
a. Hallucinations
- The _______ were among the first pharmaceuticals used to treat depression
a. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
- Any type of psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns is known as ______
a. Cognitive therapy
- Ozzy’s depression was treated with repreditative transcranial magnetic stimulation
a. Uses a wand to alter flow of ions inside the neurons and the cortex/exposing the brain to these high intensity magnetic fields
- Bill and Harold are identical twins but only bill develops depression so the vulnerability stress model would predict that bill has ______ stressors
a. More
b. Fewer
c. The same
d. None
a. More
- Obsession is to compulsion as
a. Subjective emotional is to Behavioral
b. Cognitive is to Behavioral
c. Physiological is to cognitive
d. Behavioral is to cognitive
b. Cognitive is to Behavioral
- Which of the following is performed in a radical procedure known as prefrontal lobotomy
a. Poke an ice pick in your brain to disconnect the prefrontal cortex from other parts of the brain
- ______ reduces the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase which breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain
a. MAO inhibitors
- The central diagnostic feature of ______ is a breakdown in the coherence of personality resulting in significant changes in memory and/or identity
a. Dissociative disorders
- One of the side effects of traditional antipsychotics is ______ which consists of repetitive involuntary movements of jaw, tongue, face, mouth, and body tremors
a. Tardive dyskinesia
- A person with a euphoric mood, a decreased need for sleep, and grandiose or exaggerated cognitions would most likely be diagnosed as having
a. Mainia
- Under the activity of all of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to depression except
a. Gamma Aminobutyric acid/Gaba
- ______ are false beliefs that are maintained in the face of contradictory evidence and they play a central role in ______
a. Hallucinations and dissociative identity disorder
b. Delusions and Schizophrenia
c. Helpless thoughts and anxiety
d. Catastrophic thoughts and depression
b. Delusions and Schizophrenia
- Impulsiveness a lack of guilt and a lack of emotional attachment to people are all aspects of
a. Anti-Social personality disorder
- Dola Reed suffers from cynophobia which is an abnormal fear of dogs so her therapist is treating her with systematic desensitization
a. Behavioral approach which means her therapist is paring relaxation with a gradual exposure to in this case dogs
- Although they can be quite different from one another the basic goal of all therapies is to
a. Change maladaptive patterns of thinking feeling and behaving so that people can lead happier lives
- Which of the following refers to a major diagnostic tool used in the US and some other Western cultures for psychological disorders
a. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the APA
- SSRIs treat depression by
a. SSRI(Selective Serotonin re-uptake Inhibitors) Inhibits the reuptake of Serotonin which makes serotonin more available
- Paul suffers from a disorder that makes it difficult for him to distinguish real from imagined perceptions which of the following accounts for his condition
a. Psychotic disorders like Schizophrenia
- Which of the following reasons is true for why SSRIs take about four weeks to have a therapeutic effect
a. It will be Option A - It makes extra serotonin by blocking the reuptake and then all the neurons that are listening to others releasing the serotonin put more receptors in the synapse to receive all the extra serotonin so what you see is a correlation between the new receptor sites that are formed and a decrease in the depression-like symptoms so it takes that long for new receptor sites to form to make use of the increased serotonin
- ______ is the point at which one moves from not having a particular response to having one
a. Behavioral threshold
- In client-centered therapy the therapist must show ______
a. Genuine liking and empathy for the client regardless of what he or she has said or done and that is unconditional positive regard
- ______ entails restructuring thoughts loosening the clients belief in irrational thoughts that may perpetuate the disorder and offering incentives for acquiring more adaptive thought and behavior patterns
a. The combination of cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy
- Which of the following is true about traditional anti-psychotics and
a. Tardive dyskinesia is a particularly problematic side effect of traditional antipsychotics
- Which of the following disorders are clozapine olanzapine and risperidone as atypical antipsychotics used as a treatment
a. Schizophrenia
- Delusion is to hallucination
a. Auditory is to visual
b. Grandiose is to persecutory
c. Belief is to sensory experience
d. Positive symptom is to negative symptom
c. Belief is to sensory experience
- Under which of the following circumstance is electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) still used today
a. To treat people that have a resistant depression
- When Malcolm experiences the bizarre perceptual symptoms of schizophrenia he shows the ______ symptoms of schizophrenia
a. Positive
b. Negative
a. Positive
- Which of the following best describes auditory hallucinations
a. Hearing voices in one’s head
- Anna shows negative symptoms of schizophrenia if she shows
a. instances of word salad
b. Delusions
c. Hallucinations
d. Catatonia (complete lack of movement)
d. Catatonia (complete lack of movement)
- The doctor tells Paul that what his mother babbles is referred to as word salad in psychological terms so he means that his mother’s speech follows grammatical rules while the content makes little sense
a. True
- The letter C in the acronym ocean stands for the personality trait of conscientiousness
a. True
- In OCD which is obsessive-compulsive disorder the O which would be obsessions have to do with behaviors
a. False
- Psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns is known as cognitive therapy
a. True
- Humanistic positive therapy entails restructuring thoughts loosening the client’s belief and irrational thoughts that may perpetuate the disorder and offering incentives for acquiring more adaptive thought and behavior patterns
a. False
- Trephination involved disconnecting parts of the frontal lobe of the brain to release demon spirits
a. False
- Cognitive behavioral therapies use digital simulated environments that create therapeutic situations that may be hard to create otherwise
a. True
- Compulsion is a false belief often exaggerated claims that a person holds I spite of evidence to the contrary
a. False
- Catatonia is a negative symptom of schizophrenia
a. True
- Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter majorly involved in schizophrenia
a. False
- What are the three categories (two word descriptions) of personality disorders -clusters or broad categories of personality disorders- and a specific example from each category or cluster
a. Odd eccentric - Paranoid personality disorder
b. Anxious fearful - Avoidant personality disorder
c. Dramatic Emotional - Borderline personality disorder
- What are the central features of dissociative disorders and describe dissociate identity disorder in terms of its symptoms and validity
a. Dissociative disorders occur when there are splits/gaps in memory, consciousness, or identity
b. Development of at least two distinct personalities, each with its own memories, thoughts, behaviors, and emotions
c. There is question about how valid it is because it usually gets more diagnosed after it’s in the media
What are the different views of disorder development and treatment associated with psychodynamic therapies
a. Psychodynamic -
i. Disorders are symptoms of unconscious and repressed thoughts, feelings, and motives
ii. Work to uncover repressed and unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motives
iii. Dream interpretation, free association, transference
What are the different views of disorder development and treatment associated with Cognitive therapies
b. Cognitive -
i. Irrational thoughts lead to disordered behaviors
ii. Change emotions/irrational thoughts
iii. Critical questioning
What are the different views of disorder development and treatment associated with Humanistic Therapies
c. Humanistic -
i. Conditions are blocking personal growth
ii. Create conditions for optimal growth
iii. Unconditional positive regard, empathic listening
What are the different views of disorder development and treatment associated with behavioral therapies
d. Behavioral -
i. Maladaptive behavior has been reinforced and rewarded
ii. Change reinforcers and rewards to change maladaptive behavior
iii. Classical and operant conditioning; token economies; systematic desensitization
