Psychology Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is Consciousness?
Two Dimensions of Consciousness: Wakefulness and Awareness
What is Wakefulness
An individual’s degree of alertness, distinguishes between being awake and asleep
What is Awareness
Monitoring of information from the environment and/or one’s own thoughts
Who started classical Conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is Classical Conditioning
A stimulus that initially produces no particular response is followed several times by an unconditioned stimulus that produces a defensive or appetitive response
What is the Conditioned Response and Conditioned Stimulus?
Conditioned response is the learned response(Salavating) and the conditioned stimulus is what triggers the response(bell)
What is Unconditioned response and Unconditioned Stimulus?
Unconditioned Response is a response that happens naturally(Smelling food and salivating) and Unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response
Who introduced the Instrumental/Operant Conditioning?
Edward Thorndike
What is Instrumental/Operant Conditioning
Organisms learn to make responses in order to obtain or avoid important consequences
What is positive Reinforcement?
Addition of a pleasant event/stimulus
What is Negative Reinforcement?
Removal of an unpleasant event/stimulus (avoidance, escape)
What is Positive Punishment?
Addition of an unpleasant event/stimulus
What is Negative Punishment?
Removal of an pleasant event/stimulus (omission)
