Psychology Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
- In _____ the organism learns to associate two stimuli such that a previously neutral stimulus comes to produce a reflexive response that was previously produced by a different stimulus
i. Operant Conditioning
ii. Modeling
iii. Classical Conditioning
iv. Shaping
A
Classical Conditioning
2
Q
- Probably the most important contribution of Ivan Pavlov’s work with dogs was that…
i. It illustrated the nature of the digestive process
ii. Disproved prior operant conditioning theories
iii. Provided valuable insight into the nature of learning
iv. Showed how fixed action patterns can be modified
A
Provided valuable insight into the nature of learning
3
Q
- All of the following would strengthen the classical conditioning process EXCEPT
i. Presenting the UCS without the CS
ii. Presenting a particularly strong UCS
iii. Repeatedly presenting the CS UCS pairings
iv. Making sure the time interval between the CS and the UCS is short
A
i. Presenting the UCS without the CS
4
Q
- In 1946 Australian physiologist Hans Selye coined the term ____ to describe the common pattern of responses to prolong exposure to stress
i. General Adaptation Syndrome
ii. Cline Feltre Syndrome
iii. Munchausen Syndrome
iv. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
A
i. General Adaptation Syndrome
5
Q
- When the CS is presented repeatedly without the UCS the CR will gradually weaken in a process called
i. Negative Reinforcement
ii. Habituation
iii. Discrimination
iv. Extinction
A
iv. Extinction
6
Q
- A dog salivates in response to food in this instance the salivation would technically be considered
i. UCS
ii. CS
iii. UCR
iv. CR
A
iii. UCR
7
Q
- When Undergoing Chemo Therapy to treat cancer patients may generalize the nausea cased by chemo therapy to the hospital where the therapy takes place when this occurs the CS is
i. Chemo Therapy
ii. The hospital
iii. Nausea
iv. Nurse
A
ii. The hospital
8
Q
- If a CR has high stimulus generalization then it will be triggered by ______ where as if it has high discrimination it will occur in response to ______
i. Several different stimuli: Single stimulus
ii. Discriminative stimulus: Neutral stimulus
iii. Single stimulus: Several different stimuli
iv. Neutral stimulus: Discriminative stimulus
A
i. Several different stimuli: Single stimulus
9
Q
- Operant Conditioning is considered with ______ whereas Classical Conditioning focuses on ______
i. Discriminative stimuli: Generalized stimuli
ii. Emitted behaviors: Elicited behaviors
iii. Generalized stimuli: Discriminative stimuli
iv. Elicited behaviors: Emitted behaviors
A
ii. Emitted behaviors: Elicited behaviors
10
Q
- Thorndike’s Law of Effect states that
i. Responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become more likely to occur
ii. Responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become less likely to occur
iii. Aversive consequences produce greater learning than do positive consequences
iv. Positive consequences produce greater learning than do negative consequences
A
ii. Responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become less likely to occur
11
Q
- Aleah remembers how to drive a car with a manual transmission but when asked how she does it she just says “I don’t know its automatic” this is an example of her
i. Implicit memory
ii. Priming
iii. Semantic memory
iv. Episodic memory
A
i. Implicit memory
12
Q
- Chronic stress related cortisol release caused hippocampal dendrites to shrink which can interfere with _____
i. Vision
ii. Memory
iii. Reasoning
iv. Hearing
A
ii. Memory
13
Q
- The capacity of _____ memory is generally agreed to be about 5-9 meaningful pieces of information
i. Short Term
ii. Episodic
iii. Procedural
iv. Sensory
A
i. Short Term
14
Q
- The Serial Position Effect refers to how
i. People tend to remember words presented at the beginning and end of a list better than words presented in the middle
ii. Elaborative rehearsal is more affective than maintenance rehearsal for storing information in long term memory
iii. Information tends to be remembered better if it is processed more deeply
iv. People tend to use automatic processing to encode words presented at the beginning and end of the list and effortful processing to encode the words presented in the middle of the list
A
i. People tend to remember words presented at the beginning and end of a list better than words presented in the middle
15
Q
- Both Elaborative and Maintenance rehearsal keep information active in _____ memory but _____ Rehearsal is more effective in transferring information to long term memory
i. Short term: Elaborative
ii. Sensory: Maintenance
iii. Short term: Maintenance
iv. Sensory: Elaborative
A
iii. Short term: Maintenance
16
Q
- A _____ is something that assists in the reactivation of stored information
i. Memory trace
ii. Schema
iii. Retrieval Cue
iv. Procedural Memory
A
iii. Retrieval Cue
17
Q
- The two sub categories of declarative memory are
i. Implicit and Explicit memory
ii. Episodic and Semantic memory
iii. Procedural and Episodic memory
iv. Proactive and Retroactive memory
A
ii. Episodic and Semantic memory
18
Q
- The memory for the answer to this multiple choice test question would be considered and example of
i. Episodic memory
ii. Semantic memory
iii. Implicit memory
iv. Procedural memory
A
ii. Semantic memory
19
Q
- The concept of context dependent memory asserts that memory retrieval will be better if
i. The environment during encoding is similar to the environment during retrieval
ii. The environment during encoding is different from the environment during retrieval
iii. Your internal state during encoding is similar to your internal state during retrieval
iv. Your internal state during encoding is different from your internal state during retrieval
A
i. The environment during encoding is similar to the environment during retrieval
20
Q
- Herman Ebbinghaus studied the process of memory by
i. Learning lists of nonsense syllables himself and measuring his relearning
ii. Having people read and recall unusual pacific north west Indian story
iii. Touching specific brain areas during surgery and having the patients report on what they were experiencing
iv. Damaging specific brain areas in animals and noting how this impacted learning
A
i. Learning lists of nonsense syllables himself and measuring his relearning
21
Q
- Jim has a hard time remembering to do things that he plans to do in the future such as; mailing letters or remembering to call someone these memories are examples of what are called _____ memories and the frontal lobe is thought to play an important role in their retrieval
i. Retroactive memories
ii. Prospective memories
iii. Anterograde memories
iv. Retrograde memories
A
ii. Prospective memories
22
Q
- Which of the following are considered demotions of consciousness
i. Wakefulness
ii. Awareness
iii. Flow
iv. Both A and B
A
iv. Both A and B
