Psychology Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
- In _____ the organism learns to associate two stimuli such that a previously neutral stimulus comes to produce a reflexive response that was previously produced by a different stimulus
i. Operant Conditioning
ii. Modeling
iii. Classical Conditioning
iv. Shaping
A
Classical Conditioning
2
Q
- Probably the most important contribution of Ivan Pavlov’s work with dogs was that…
i. It illustrated the nature of the digestive process
ii. Disproved prior operant conditioning theories
iii. Provided valuable insight into the nature of learning
iv. Showed how fixed action patterns can be modified
A
Provided valuable insight into the nature of learning
3
Q
- All of the following would strengthen the classical conditioning process EXCEPT
i. Presenting the UCS without the CS
ii. Presenting a particularly strong UCS
iii. Repeatedly presenting the CS UCS pairings
iv. Making sure the time interval between the CS and the UCS is short
A
i. Presenting the UCS without the CS
4
Q
- In 1946 Australian physiologist Hans Selye coined the term ____ to describe the common pattern of responses to prolong exposure to stress
i. General Adaptation Syndrome
ii. Cline Feltre Syndrome
iii. Munchausen Syndrome
iv. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
A
i. General Adaptation Syndrome
5
Q
- When the CS is presented repeatedly without the UCS the CR will gradually weaken in a process called
i. Negative Reinforcement
ii. Habituation
iii. Discrimination
iv. Extinction
A
iv. Extinction
6
Q
- A dog salivates in response to food in this instance the salivation would technically be considered
i. UCS
ii. CS
iii. UCR
iv. CR
A
iii. UCR
7
Q
- When Undergoing Chemo Therapy to treat cancer patients may generalize the nausea cased by chemo therapy to the hospital where the therapy takes place when this occurs the CS is
i. Chemo Therapy
ii. The hospital
iii. Nausea
iv. Nurse
A
ii. The hospital
8
Q
- If a CR has high stimulus generalization then it will be triggered by ______ where as if it has high discrimination it will occur in response to ______
i. Several different stimuli: Single stimulus
ii. Discriminative stimulus: Neutral stimulus
iii. Single stimulus: Several different stimuli
iv. Neutral stimulus: Discriminative stimulus
A
i. Several different stimuli: Single stimulus
9
Q
- Operant Conditioning is considered with ______ whereas Classical Conditioning focuses on ______
i. Discriminative stimuli: Generalized stimuli
ii. Emitted behaviors: Elicited behaviors
iii. Generalized stimuli: Discriminative stimuli
iv. Elicited behaviors: Emitted behaviors
A
ii. Emitted behaviors: Elicited behaviors
10
Q
- Thorndike’s Law of Effect states that
i. Responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become more likely to occur
ii. Responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become less likely to occur
iii. Aversive consequences produce greater learning than do positive consequences
iv. Positive consequences produce greater learning than do negative consequences
A
ii. Responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become less likely to occur
11
Q
- Aleah remembers how to drive a car with a manual transmission but when asked how she does it she just says “I don’t know its automatic” this is an example of her
i. Implicit memory
ii. Priming
iii. Semantic memory
iv. Episodic memory
A
i. Implicit memory
12
Q
- Chronic stress related cortisol release caused hippocampal dendrites to shrink which can interfere with _____
i. Vision
ii. Memory
iii. Reasoning
iv. Hearing
A
ii. Memory
13
Q
- The capacity of _____ memory is generally agreed to be about 5-9 meaningful pieces of information
i. Short Term
ii. Episodic
iii. Procedural
iv. Sensory
A
i. Short Term
14
Q
- The Serial Position Effect refers to how
i. People tend to remember words presented at the beginning and end of a list better than words presented in the middle
ii. Elaborative rehearsal is more affective than maintenance rehearsal for storing information in long term memory
iii. Information tends to be remembered better if it is processed more deeply
iv. People tend to use automatic processing to encode words presented at the beginning and end of the list and effortful processing to encode the words presented in the middle of the list
A
i. People tend to remember words presented at the beginning and end of a list better than words presented in the middle
15
Q
- Both Elaborative and Maintenance rehearsal keep information active in _____ memory but _____ Rehearsal is more effective in transferring information to long term memory
i. Short term: Elaborative
ii. Sensory: Maintenance
iii. Short term: Maintenance
iv. Sensory: Elaborative
A
iii. Short term: Maintenance
16
Q
- A _____ is something that assists in the reactivation of stored information
i. Memory trace
ii. Schema
iii. Retrieval Cue
iv. Procedural Memory
A
iii. Retrieval Cue
17
Q
- The two sub categories of declarative memory are
i. Implicit and Explicit memory
ii. Episodic and Semantic memory
iii. Procedural and Episodic memory
iv. Proactive and Retroactive memory
A
ii. Episodic and Semantic memory
18
Q
- The memory for the answer to this multiple choice test question would be considered and example of
i. Episodic memory
ii. Semantic memory
iii. Implicit memory
iv. Procedural memory
A
ii. Semantic memory
19
Q
- The concept of context dependent memory asserts that memory retrieval will be better if
i. The environment during encoding is similar to the environment during retrieval
ii. The environment during encoding is different from the environment during retrieval
iii. Your internal state during encoding is similar to your internal state during retrieval
iv. Your internal state during encoding is different from your internal state during retrieval
A
i. The environment during encoding is similar to the environment during retrieval
20
Q
- Herman Ebbinghaus studied the process of memory by
i. Learning lists of nonsense syllables himself and measuring his relearning
ii. Having people read and recall unusual pacific north west Indian story
iii. Touching specific brain areas during surgery and having the patients report on what they were experiencing
iv. Damaging specific brain areas in animals and noting how this impacted learning
A
i. Learning lists of nonsense syllables himself and measuring his relearning
21
Q
- Jim has a hard time remembering to do things that he plans to do in the future such as; mailing letters or remembering to call someone these memories are examples of what are called _____ memories and the frontal lobe is thought to play an important role in their retrieval
i. Retroactive memories
ii. Prospective memories
iii. Anterograde memories
iv. Retrograde memories
A
ii. Prospective memories
22
Q
- Which of the following are considered demotions of consciousness
i. Wakefulness
ii. Awareness
iii. Flow
iv. Both A and B
A
iv. Both A and B
23
Q
- What happens when on learns something new and stores it a short term or long term memory
i. It has no baring on synaptic connections
ii. Synaptic connections get weakened
iii. Synaptic connections get strengthened
iv. Increase in the release of Schwann cells
A
iii. Synaptic connections get strengthened
24
Q
- The area of the cortex that appears to be heavily involved in the process of emotion regulation and determining options for response is
i. Prefrontal Cortex
ii. Parietal Lobe
iii. Right Hemisphere
iv. Occipital Lobe
A
i. Prefrontal Cortex
25
Q
- Which of the following are the key structures in the neuroendocrine regulation of stress responses
i. Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Adrenal Glands
ii. Adrenal Glands, Parietal Lobe, Servatius Gland
iii. Cerebellum, Adrenal Glands, Pineal Gland
iv. Frontal Lobe the Servatius Gland, Pituitary Gland
A
i. Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Adrenal Glands
26
Q
- According to the research of Yerkes and Dodson on the relationship between arousal and performance. Performance will be best on a complex task if there is a _____ level of arousal however if the task is easy and not very complex it is likely that the optimal level of arousal for the second task will be _____
i. Moderate: Lower
ii. Low: Same
iii. Moderate: Higher
iv. High: Higher
A
iii. Moderate: Higher
27
Q
- According to the traditional James Lange theory of emotion people who do not have access to the feed back from their internal organs and physiology should experience
i. More intense emotional responses
ii. No emotional responses
iii. Less intense emotional responses
iv. Emotional responses similar to normal individuals
A
ii. No emotional responses
28
Q
- According to the _____ physiological information provided by the muscles of the face may provide significant clues regarding the nature and intensity of the emotions we experience
i. Sematic feedback hypothesis
ii. Display rules theory of emotion
iii. Facial feedback hypothesis
iv. Cannon-bard theory of emotion
A
iii. Facial feedback hypothesis
29
Q
- _____ stimulates the pituitary to release adrenocorticotrophin hormone and is released by the hypothalamus during a state of emotional arousal
i. Corticotropin releasing factor/Hormone
ii. Proopiomelanocortin
iii. Melanocortin
iv. Proopiomelanocortin
A
i. Corticotropin releasing factor/Hormone
30
Q
- A _____ is a chain of linkages between related concepts
i. Parallel distributive processing
ii. Tenser product network
iii. Neural network
iv. Associative Network
A
iv. Associative Network
31
Q
- Your memory of what happened to you on a childhood trip to Disneyland would be best concidered and example of
i. Procedural memory
ii. Implicit memory
iii. Semantic memory
iv. Episodic memory
A
iv. Episodic memory
32
Q
- The concept of state dependent memory asserts that memory retrieval will be better if
i. The environment during encoding is similar to the environment during retrieval
ii. The environment during encoding is different from the environment during retrieval
iii. Your internal state during encoding is similar to your internal state during retrieval
iv. Your internal state during encoding is different from your internal state during retrieval
A
iii. Your internal state during encoding is similar to your internal state during retrieval
33
Q
- The temporal dynamics model of emotional enhancement is based on enhancing neural elasticity in the
i. Prefrontal cortex
ii. Hippocampus
iii. Amygdala
iv. Hypothalamus
A
ii. Hippocampus
34
Q
- The receptors for glutamate that are involved in long-term potentiation(LTP) associated with memory are
i. AMPA and IMPA
ii. NMDA and NDMA
iii. AMPA and NMPA
iv. AMPA and NMDA
A
iv. AMPA and NMDA
35
Q
- _____ belongs to the hallucinogen category of drugs and results in mild intoxication the munchies and some memory deficit
i. LSD
ii. PCP
iii. Marijuana
iv. Psilocybin
A
iii. Marijuana
36
Q
- You make 50 phone calls to get a customer signed on
A
i. Fixed Ratio
37
Q
- You earn $900 per week
A
i. Fixed Interval
38
Q
- A slot machine pays off every 7-10 hours
A
i. Variable Interval
39
Q
- You earn $10 for every 10,000 iPhones you make
A
i. Fixed Ratio
40
Q
- You get a chocolate bar for every bag of leaves you rake and fill
A
i. Fixed Ratio
41
Q
- You get a free coffee every Tuesday
A
i. Fixed Interval
42
Q
- You get a bonus for every customer you sign on
A
i. Fixed Ratio
43
Q
- You buy 18 droughts you get 1 free
A
i. Fixed Ratio
44
Q
- A slot machine pays off after an average of 10 pulls
A
i. Variable Ratio
45
Q
- Every 3-4 weeks you have an exam
A
i. Variable Interval
46
Q
What is the 4-square chart about
A
Operant/instrumental conditioning
47
Q
Top Left
A
Positive Reinforcement (Add Good)
48
Q
Top Right
A
Positive Punishment (Add Bad)
49
Q
Bottom Left
A
Negative Punishment (Remove Good)
50
Q
Bottom Right
A
Negative Reinforcement (Remove Bad)
51
Q
What is the diagram of the guy about
A
HPA axis
52
Q
First Structure or Chemical in Pathway
A
Hypothalamus
53
Q
Second Structure or Chemical in Pathway
A
CRH (Corticotropin releasing hormone)
54
Q
Third Structure or Chemical in Pathway
A
Anterior Pituitary
55
Q
Fourth Structure or Chemical in Pathway
A
ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophin)
56
Q
Fifth Structure or Chemical in Pathway
A
Adrenal Cortex
57
Q
Sixth Structure or Chemical in Pathway
A
Cortisol
