Psychology Test 1 Flashcards
- Psychology is most accurately defined as _____
The science of using observations of behavior to infer mental processes ( thoughts and Behaviors)
- The field of psychology is concerned with the scientific study of _____
Behaviors and mental process
- ____ is the study of how we perceive information, how we learn and remember, how we acquire and use language, and how we solve problems
i. Social Psychology
ii. Cognitive Psychology
iii. Clinical Psychology
iv. Educational Psychology
ii. Cognitive Psychology
- ____ studies the links among brain, mind, and behavior
i. Social psychology
ii. Industrial psychology
iii. Behavioral Neuroscience
iv. Developmental Psychology
iii. Behavioral Neuroscience
- Which of the following early approaches to psychology focused on why and how people think and feel
i. Structuralism
ii. Functionalism
iii. Socialism
iv. Behaviorism
ii. Functionalism
- In Experimental research the ____ Variable is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
i. Independent
ii. Dependent
iii. Operational
iv. Random
i. Independent
- When considering the Mind body puzzle ancient philosophers argued that the mind is not separate form the body would belong to which philosophical position
Monism
- The statement “Answers to the great questions of psychology will ultimately be found in physiology all behavior all experience all feeling indeed all the subject matter all of psychology are nothing more than the outcomes of the activity of the nervous system that is most consistent with which of the following views…
Monist Point of View
- With regard to specific meanings of the term sensation and perception studies of subliminal stimuli have reviled that subliminal stimuli are
i. both sensed and perceived
ii. Neither sensed nor perceived
iii. Perceived but not sensed
iv. Sensed but not perceived
iii. Perceived but not sensed
- Freud psychoanalytic theory has been
i. Consistently supported by modern science
ii. Consistently rejected by modern science
iii. Generally ignored by modern science
iv. Generally has inspired modern science
iv. Generally has inspired modern science
- Visual receptors in the eyes called _____ function best in dim lighting and are primarily brightness receptors
i. Cones
ii. Rods
iii. Ganglion cells
iv. Fovea
ii. Rods
- ______ is the study of how we Perceive information, Learn and remember, Acquire and use language, Solve problems
i. Cognitive Psychology
- The absolute threshold is defined as the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected black of the time
i. 100%
ii. 75%
iii. 66%
iv. 50%
iv. 50%
- The rapid shift of the neurons electrical potential from negative 70 millivolts to positive 40 millivolts is call
i. Polarization
ii. An action potential
iii. Resting potential
iv. Hyperpolarization
ii. An action potential
- When a neuron is stimulated tiny protein structures embedded in the cell membrane called ______ are activated and pump specific ions back and forth thus chancing the overall potential of the neuron
i. Ion Channels
ii. Action potentials
iii. Neurotransmitters
iv. Glial cells
i. Ion Channels
- What is the effect of the myelin sheath on the conduction of the neural impulse or action potential
i. Decrease the speed of electrical conduction
ii. Increase the speed of electrical conduction
iii. Have no effect on the speed of electrical conduction
iv. Are responsible for the refractory period after a neuron has fired
ii. Increase the speed of electrical conduction
- Axon is to dendrite as
i. anion is to Graded potential
ii. Send is to Receive
iii. Polarize is to depolarize
iv. Resting potential is to action potential
ii. Send is to Receive
- The young Helmholtz trichromatic theory of color vision is at least able to explain which of the following
i. Our ability to see an after image
ii. Our ability to see the color red
iii. Our ability to detect a subliminal image
iv. Our ability to see the color blue
i. Our ability to see an after image
- The resting potential of the typical neuron is determined by…
i. The negative charge of the inside of the neuron has to do with the fact that there’s more negative stuff inside than outside ( positive stuff is outside the neuron)
- Inattentional blindness refers to…
i. purposefully not paying attention to unpleasant stimuli
ii. The failure of unattended stimuli to register in consciousness
iii. The failure of a stimulus to be perceived because the light from the stimulus falls on the blind spot of the retina
iv. The inability to pay attention to more than two stimuli at a time
ii. The failure of unattended stimuli to register in consciousness
- Which of the following are among the functions affected by the hypothalamus
i. Mating fleeing fighting and feeding
ii. Fine muscle control
iii. Respiration and heart rate
iv. alerting the higher brain centers that sensory information is about to come in
i. Mating fleeing fighting and feeding
- The primary job of the amygdala is to…
i. Organize emotional response patterns particularly aggression and fear
ii. Create ad store memories
iii. Regulate body temperature and sexual behavior
iv. Regulate heart rate and respiration
i. Organize emotional response patterns particularly aggression and fear
- The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are which of the following
i. Afferent or efferent
ii. Sympathetic or parasympathetic
iii. Somatic or parasympathetic
iv. Somatic and autonomic
iv. Somatic and autonomic
- Jason the psychologist who is actively researching interactions of people on social networking sites and he wants to find out if a person can get addicted to social networking … what kind of psychologist is Jason
i. Personality psychologist
ii. Cognitive psychologist
iii. Developmental psychologist
iv. Clinical psychologist
iv. Clinical psychologist
- Which of the following types of psychologists is most likely to conduct research on how reasoning skills or emotional skills change with age
i. Educational psychologists
ii. Developmental psychologist
iii. Behavioral psychologist
iv. Clinical psychologist
ii. Developmental psychologist
- Which of the following questions is most likely to be discussed by a social psychologist
i. Why are behaviors modified by environmental situations
ii. How does the presence of other people change an individuals thoughts feelings or perceptions
iii. How do people visualize objects in their minds
iv. How does parent infant bonding affect adult relationships
ii. How does the presence of other people change an individuals thoughts feelings or perceptions
- “An empirical objective science of behavior that has no need for the theories of mind or personal freedom and quote characterizes which of the following
i. Gestalt
ii. Structuralism
iii. Behaviorism
iv. Humanistic
iii. Behaviorism
- The independent variable is the ________ and the dependent variable is the _______
i. Experiment/cause
ii. Cause/effect
iii. Effect/correlation
iv. Experiment/correlation
ii. Cause/effect
- Salma views a famous impressionist painting that is hung on a wall her _____ sends signals from her brain to coordinate fine muscles in her eye to focus on parts of the painting
i. Motor neuron
ii. Sensory neuron
iii. Mirror neuron
iv. Interneuron
i. Motor neuron
- _____ lies directly in front of the ______
i. Primary visual cortex and auditory cortex
ii. Auditory cortex and somatosensory cortx
iii. Somatosensory cortex and motor cortex
iv. Motor cortex and somatosensory cortex
iv. Motor cortex and somatosensory cortex
- _____ is responsible for the left and right hemispheres of the brains ability to communicate back and forth with each other
i. Corpus Callosum
- Children and teenagers ac more impulsively that adults partially because they’re _____ are not fully developed
i. Parietal lobes
ii. Frontal lobes
iii. Temporal lobes
iv. Occipital lobes
ii. Frontal lobes
- Which of the following reasons is ancient Greece significant in the history of psychology
i. Foundations for psychology as a science can be traced to ancient Greece
ii. Wilhelm Wundt was one of the first known psychologists established his laboratory in ancient Greece
iii. The first doctorate in psychology was awarded in ancient Greece
iv. The ancient Greeks compiled the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
i. Foundations for psychology as a science can be traced to ancient Greece
- A hypothesis is best considered as
i. Tentative explanation or prediction about some phenomena
ii. Attempt to explain something after it has already occurred
iii. A set of formal statements that explain how certain events are related to one another
Particular type of experiment or expectancy
i. Tentative explanation or prediction about some phenomena
- The last process of the scientific method is to
i. Communicate
ii. Observe
iii. Test
iv. Predict
i. Communicate
- Empiricism made the specific claim that our knowledge and understanding should be based upon
i. Intuition
ii. Basic research
iii. Observation
iv. Reason
iii. Observation
- Which of the following is not a basic process of the scientific method
i. Observing
ii. Falsifying
iii. Interpreting
iv. Testing
ii. Falsifying
- Which of the following psychologists study and treat mental disorders
i. Cognitive
ii. Clinical
iii. Biological
iv. Developmental
ii. Clinical
- In most persons the left hemisphere of the brain
i. Controls the left side of the body
ii. Controls speech
iii. is lager than the rights
iv. Receives tactile information from the left side of the body
ii. Controls speech
- The ethical standard of _________ refers to how participants should be given full descriptions about the procedures involved in a study and told that they are free to withdraw from a study at any time
i. Informed Consent
Ernst Weber - two matches
○ Psychophysics, absolute threshold, just noticeable difference, sensation perception stuff
John Watson - one match
○ Behaviorism
- Sigmund Freud - two matches
○ Psychoanalysis, Psychodynamic Perspective, Psychoanalytic Theory,
Wilhelm Wundt - two matches
○ Structuralism, first Psycology lab
Wilhelm Wundt - two matches
○ Structuralism, first Psychology lab
- Renee Descartes - one match
○ I think therefore I am, Dualism
Cell membrane
Like the skin it selectively permeable so only certain ions can go in or out and these ions allow action potential to occur
Dendrites
Like the ears so they receive communications from other neurons/cells
Myelin Sheath
Help conserve energy and speed up the signal
Nodes of Ranvier
Here the ions are exchanged for the action potential to propagate down the axon
Axon terminals
Like the Mouth so this allows cells to send messages to other cells
Primary Motor Cortex
Voluntary Movement - Part of the frontal lobe at the back
Frontal lobe
High level cognitive skills and primary motor functions - Front of the brain
Broca’s Area
Speech Formation- circle part in the frontal lobe
Primary auditory cortex
integrating and processing complex auditory signals - Part of the Temporal Lobe at the top
Temporal Lobe
Interpreting sounds from the ears recognizing and using language - bottom lobe
Somatic Sensory cortex
Body sensations - part of the parietal lobe at the front
Parietal lobe
Processes sensory Information - second lobe behind the frontal lobe
Wernicke’s Area
Speech Understanding - circle part in the temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for visual perception - the back lobe behind the temporal and parietal lobe
Primary visual cortex
to receive, segment, and integrate visual information - part of the occipital lobe and the back
First stage - tell ages, what is supposed to happen, and what symptoms can be seen if not successfully passed
Oral stage - First year of life
a) Pleasure is focused on the mouth (Sucking, Biting, and Chewing)
b) Dependent and helpless people are fixated at this stage
Second stage - tell ages, what is supposed to happen, and what symptoms can be seen if not successfully passed
Anal Stage - One to Three Years
a) pleasure is focused on the anus (Retention and Expulsion)
b) Harsh Potty training might produce a preoccupation with orderliness
Third stage - tell ages, what is supposed to happen, and what symptoms can be seen if not successfully passed
Phallic Stage - 5 years of age
a) Observation of differences between male and female (Mother satisfies basic needs and Father is rival for affection, Castration anxiety or Penis envy)
b) Aggressive and overly sexual behavior
Fourth Stage - tell ages, what is supposed to happen, and what symptoms can be seen if not successfully passed
Latency Period - 6 years to Puberty
a) Sexual Feelings are Inactive
b) Fixation in this stage can result in immaturity and inability to form fulfilling relationships as an adult
Fifth stage - tell ages, what is supposed to happen, and what symptoms can be seen if not successfully passed
Genital Stage - Puberty to Death
a) Maturing Sexual Interests
b) If the other stages have been completed successfully, the individual should now be well-balanced, warm and caring
