Psychology/Sociology Chapter 10: Social Interactions Flashcards
Kelley’s covariation model
a theory that explains how people use social perception to attribute behavior to internal or external causes
Kelley outlined three types of cue that we utilize to decide whether an attribution should be situational, dispositional, or some combination of both
distinctiveness refers to the frequency that the person behaves this way in different situations or environments.
Consensus relates to the level of acceptance of the behavior in society
consistency deals with the similarity of the person’s behavior over time.
Jones and Davis’ Correspondent Inference Theory
explains how people attribute others’ behavior to their stable traits or dispositions, especially when the behavior is freely chosen, socially unexpected, and intentional.
For example, if we notice that Taliyah is behaving in a friendly manner and we infer that she has a friendly personality, we have made, or drawn, a correspondent inference.
Or, if we notice that Carl is behaving in an aggressive manner and we conclude that he is an aggressive sort of person, we have drawn a correspondent inference.
social facilitation phenomenon
demonstrates that routine and simple tasks are better performed in the presence of others
Differential Association Theory
developed by Edwin Sutherland, is a criminological theory that explains how individuals learn deviant behavior through interaction with others who provide attitudes, values, techniques, and motives for committing crime.
Cultural relativism
Cultural relativism is the principle that a person’s beliefs and health behaviors should be understood in the context of their own culture.
Folkways
are norms that govern everyday behavior.
Mores
norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society and have consequences if violated.
THINK MORALS
IE no public nudity
Subjective norms
result from perceived social pressure to engage or to not engage in a behavior
Reciprocal determinism
is the theory set forth by Albert Bandura that a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the environment
Social cognitive theory
asserts that people learn by watching others, and if they see that someone is rewarded for a behavior, they are more likely to behave that way, too.
Group members ignore warnings and do not reconsider their actions, assumptions, or beliefs.
Collective rationalization
Members construct negative views of those outside the group who have dissenting opinions.
Excessive stereotyping
Illusion of invulnerability
An unjustified and excessive sense of optimism encourages risk-taking.
Illusion of morality
Members of the group believe in the moral rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the consequences of their actions.
The majority views of the group are assumed to be unanimous.
Illusion of unanimity
Members of the group protect the group’s cohesiveness by filtering out information that would be problematic.
Mindguards
Pressure on dissenters
Members who express opposing views are pressured to conform and remain loyal to the group.
Self-censorship
Members who do hold dissenting opinions do not share them.
3 most importance premises of symbolic interactionism
1) social being
2) 2) humans take an active, thinking role but don’t interact with environment direction
3) 3) humans have agency over their goals but in order to communicate they must learn the common symbolic language of a society
TRUE OR FALSE participants working alone will generate more alternatives than those working in groups
TRUE
Research on social loafing and related phenomenon support that participants working alone will generate more alternatives than those working in groups.
