Psychology/Sociology Chapter 10: Social Interactions

Question 1

Kelley’s covariation model

Answer 1

a theory that explains how people use social perception to attribute behavior to internal or external causes

Kelley outlined three types of cue that we utilize to decide whether an attribution should be situational, dispositional, or some combination of both

distinctiveness refers to the frequency that the person behaves this way in different situations or environments.

Consensus relates to the level of acceptance of the behavior in society

consistency deals with the similarity of the person’s behavior over time.

Question 2

Jones and Davis’ Correspondent Inference Theory

Answer 2

explains how people attribute others’ behavior to their stable traits or dispositions, especially when the behavior is freely chosen, socially unexpected, and intentional.

Question 3

social facilitation phenomenon

Answer 3

demonstrates that routine and simple tasks are better performed in the presence of others

Question 4

Differential Association Theory

Answer 4

developed by Edwin Sutherland, is a criminological theory that explains how individuals learn deviant behavior through interaction with others who provide attitudes, values, techniques, and motives for committing crime.

Question 5

Cultural relativism

Answer 5

Cultural relativism is the principle that a person’s beliefs and health behaviors should be understood in the context of their own culture.

Question 6

Folkways

Answer 6

are norms that govern everyday behavior.

Question 7

Mores

Answer 7

norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society and have consequences if violated.

THINK MORALS

IE no public nudity

Question 8

Subjective norms

Answer 8

result from perceived social pressure to engage or to not engage in a behavior

Question 9

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 9

is the theory set forth by Albert Bandura that a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the environment

Question 10

Social cognitive theory

Answer 10

asserts that people learn by watching others, and if they see that someone is rewarded for a behavior, they are more likely to behave that way, too.

Question 11

Group members ignore warnings and do not reconsider their actions, assumptions, or beliefs.

Answer 11

Collective rationalization

Question 12

Members construct negative views of those outside the group who have dissenting opinions.

Answer 12

Excessive stereotyping

Question 13

Illusion of invulnerability

Answer 13

An unjustified and excessive sense of optimism encourages risk-taking.

Question 14

Illusion of morality

Answer 14

Members of the group believe in the moral rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the consequences of their actions.

Question 15

The majority views of the group are assumed to be unanimous.

Answer 15

Illusion of unanimity

Question 16

Members of the group protect the group’s cohesiveness by filtering out information that would be problematic.

Answer 16

Mindguards

Question 16

Pressure on dissenters

Answer 16

Members who express opposing views are pressured to conform and remain loyal to the group.

Question 17

Self-censorship

Answer 17

Members who do hold dissenting opinions do not share them.

Question 18

3 most importance premises of symbolic interactionism

Answer 18

three most important premises of symbolic interactionism that you should know are 1) humans are social beings created through interaction with others and symbols, 2) humans take an active, thinking role in defining their present situations and do not interact with the environment directly, and 3) humans have agency over their goals but in order to communicate they must learn the common symbolic language of a society