Psychology/Sociology Chapter 1: Experimental Designs and Methods Flashcards
Negative control vs positive control
A negative control ensures NO response occurs to rule out external influences,
while a positive control produces a KNOWN response to confirm the experimental setup works correctly.
ecological study
health factors that affect a population in a defined geographic location
Difference between moderating and meditating variables
Moderating = influences the STRENGTH of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable whereas
Meditating = explains the relationship between the independent and dependent variable
external validity
describes the degree to which the findings of a study are generalizable to a population as a whole. Typically, this involves issues regarding the size and representativeness of the sample.
Face validity
describes the extent to which a measure appears to assess what it is intended to assess—that is, more or less, the degree to which it “seems right” to participants and researchers
Internal validity
refers to the degree to which causal conclusions can be drawn from a study, which can include accounting for potential confounding variables.
content validity
refers to whether a measure assesses what researchers intend for it to assess.
Answer is D (but taking III with a grain of salt).
Watch out for unethical methodology that:
patient does not give informed consent, or if the danger of the medicine clearly outweighs the potential benefits of the study
Cross-sectional studies
involve multiple groups at a single point in time to examine differences or associations between variables.
is calculated to compare the association between two variables.
Pearson Coefficient
is used to predict scores from independent variables. It allows researchers to identify the unique effects of independent variables while controlling for other independent variables.
Regression
conducted when researchers wish to compare mean values of two unrelated groups,
independent samples t-test
is a statistical test used to compare the means of two related groups (e.g., before-and-after measurements) to determine if there is a significant difference between them.
Paired samples t-test
