Psychology - Social Influence - Resisting Social Influence 8marker

Question 1

Key Features of Non-conformity

Answer 1

• independence

- adopting behaviour norms of the minority

Question 2

Social Support

Answer 2

• when others in the social situation attempts to make them conform and obey it makes it easier for the individual to resist
• the presence of others who dissent creates strong sources of defiance

Question 3

Asch 1951 Research Findings

Answer 3

1951

• line judgement task
• if the dissenter answered correctly from the start of the study Conformity rates dropped from 32% to 5.5%
• if the dissenter answered correctly later in the study the conformity rate dropped to 8.5%
• shows that social support received EARLIER is more effective that received later

Question 4

Milgram Research Findings

Answer 4

• 2 confederates who were paired with real participants left saying that they wouldnt continue only 10% of participants gave the max 450volts
• the disobedient group norm puts more pressure on participants to conform

Question 5

Rotter’s Questionnaire

Answer 5

1966

• 13 part questionnaire to measure internal and external locus of control
• scored range from 0-13
• low scores - internal control
• high scores - external control

Question 6

Locus of Control

Answer 6

the extent to which people think they are in control of their own lives

Question 7

Internal locus of control

Answer 7

the belief that things happen as a result of our choices and decisions
-less likely to conform

Question 8

External locus of control

Answer 8

the belief that things happen because of luck, fate or other external forces beyond the control of the individual
-more likely to conform

Question 9

Social Group Acceptance

Answer 9

Spector 1983
-found pp’s with high external LoC conformed more than those with Low external LoC
But only in situations involving normative social pressure
-neither high or low external conformed in the situations of informational social influence

Question 10

What does Social Group Acceptance show

Answer 10

that feeling like we dont need to be accepted into a social group increases our ability to resist social influence

Question 11

Cultural Differences

Answer 11

Moghaddam 1998

• found Japanese people conformed more easily than Americans
• Japanese have more external LoC

Question 12

Holland and Blass

Loc and Obedience

Answer 12

1967, 1991

• found those with internal LoC were better at resisting obedience than with external LoC
• findings show that aspects of personal control in a situation play an important role in obedience

Question 13

Responsibility Schurz

Answer 13

1985

• instructed pp’s to give what they believed was a painful skin damaging burst of ultrasound to a learner
• found no relationship between LoC and Obedience
• internal took responsibility for their actions
• feelings of personal control may be related to resistance to SI

Question 14

Minority Influence

Answer 14

-Conversation
(majority start to adopt the minority belief of viewpoint publically and privately)

-Cryptomnesia
(when minority views become the majoirity)

Question 15

Snowball Effect

Answer 15

Van Avermaet 1966

as more people change their attitude, change quickens and called this a snowball effect

Question 16

Factors Involved in Minority Influence

Answer 16

-Consistency

-Commitment
(both create doubts in established norms leads to people to re-examine their own beliefs and behaviour)

-Flexibility
(persuasive)

-Identification
(if they can identify with the majority they can be more persuasive e.g. Gender)