Psychology - Memory - Long Term Memory Short Answer

Question 1

Longterm Memory

Answer 1

Divided into two types
Explicit
Implicit

Question 2

Explicit Memory

Answer 2

consciously try to remember and recall

i. e. when studying for an exam
- episodic memory
- semantic memory

Question 3

Implicit Memory

Answer 3

memories that are not part of our consciousness
-formed from behaviours
-procedural memory
(can also be called non-declarative memory)

Question 4

Procedural Memory

Answer 4

stores information about how we do things

i. e. learning how to swimming
- no conscious recall
- type of implicit memory

Question 5

Glanzer and Cunitz

Study and Aims

Answer 5

1966
the serial position effect
-to investigate whether STM and LTM are different memory stores

Question 6

Glanzer and Cunitz

Procedure

Answer 6

pp’s given a list of common words to memorise

then were asked to recall as many as possible

Question 7

Glanzer and Cunitz

Results

Answer 7

pp’s remembered more words on average from the beginning (primacy effect) and the end (regency effect) rather than in the middle
SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

Question 8

Glanzer and Cunitz

Conclusion

Answer 8

pp’s remembered more words from the beginning of the list because they had been transferred by rehearsal to the LTM
-Words at the end of the list were still in the STM

Question 9

Miller STM Limited Capacity

Answer 9

words in the middle were forgotten because of the limited capacity of the STM
7+ and - 2

Question 10

Glanzer and Cunitz

Evaluation

Answer 10

Strengths

• reliable, easy to replicate
• practical applications for improving memory of important information

Limitations
-lacks ecological validity, not how we use memory in everyday life

Question 11

Milner et al HM

Answer 11

1966
Epilepsy patient
-surgery destroyed his hippocampus leaving him with severe amnesia
-he was unable to make new memories

Question 12

HM patient Aim and Method

Answer 12

Aim to investigate anterograde amnesia

Method a case study using numerous psychometric tests, experiments and observations

Question 13

HM patient Results

Answer 13

HM had the ability to learn new motor skills so his procedural memory was intact.

• could not make new episodic and semantic memories
• had working memory as he was able to hold conversations
• STM AND LTM no longer connected

Question 14

HM patient Conclusion

Answer 14

• causes of brain damage such as HM supports the distinction between LTM and STM
• damage to the hippocampi destroys LTM, memory only lasts as long as their STM

Question 15

HM patient Evaluation

Answer 15

strengths
-in depth and detailed
limitations
-cannot generalise from a case study

Question 16

Limitations of the MSM of Memory

Answer 16

• more than one type of STM

- rehearsal helps maintain memories