Psychology of physical activity, health and wellbeing Flashcards
How is health defined in the medical model of health?
absence of disease
diagnosis and treatment of disease
medical view of the body
What was an alternative definition that was made after the medical one that defined health?
WHO 1948
a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
you need physical, mental snd social aspects to be classified as healthy
Who criticised the WHO definition of health?
Huber et al 2011
criticises the definition and states that if everyone needs to be physically socially and mentally healthy, what does that mean or disabled people
Describe the social ecological model of health?
looks beyond individual
indiv- knowledge, skills interpersonal- family, friends organisational- social institution community- relationships public policy- local laws
What is the definition of public health and who defined it?
Acheson Report 1987
the art and science of preventing disease promoting health and prolonging life through organised efforts of society
Beaglehole and Bonita 2004- sustain public health through collective action
What are the 7 words that define wellbeing?
happiness flourishing welfare quality of life wealth sustainability state of balance
What are the 6 categories that make up happiness?
wealth social support healthy life expectancy freedom/autonomy population generosity perceptions of internal and external corruption levels
How is a state of balance part of the wellbeing?
Rachel Dodge
stated we need to have a balance of challenges and resources
we need challenges for stimulation
if challenges outway resources, there will be negative sense of wellbeing
What is flourishing?
experiencing positive emotion
defines wellbeing as positive things we have
positive psychology
What are the stems of positive psychology?
emotional resilience self belief sense of achievement trusting relationships optimistic engagement self efficacy problem solver
What are the core features of flourishing positive psychology?
positive emotions
engagement
meaning/ purpose
What is positive psychology?
scientific study of optimal human functioning
to discover and promote the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive
What are the 5 ways to wellbeing, how to improve wellbeing according to positive psychology?
connect- social relationships
be active- physical activity
take notice- take notice of enviro rather than looking at your phone
keep learning- engage in educational things
give- charitable
According to theories of behaviour change, what happens when we exercise and dont exercise in terms of health and wellbeing?
increased levels of physical activity- health benefits, physical, mental, personal development
low levels of physical activity- risk of chronic disease
How does the government play a role in promoting good health and wellbeing?
gov- a new strategy for an active nation
sport England- towards an active nation
UK recommended guidelines- start active stay active
What are the UK guidelines for physical activity for children and adults?
children (5-18) - 60mins vigorous activity per day
adults- 150 mins moderate per week or 75 mins of vigorous per week
What are the 8 barriers to physical activity?
lack of time lack of energy lack of motivation costs too much illness/ injury lack of facilities feel uncomfortable fear of injury
What is a theory and why is it used?
n academic interpretation of why and how things happen
helps understand why an individuals physically inactive
identifies constructs that explain engagement and disengagement with physical activity, we can then work on change
Why should interventions be formed from theories?
allows targeting and influencing of the right factors
this should lead to successful behaviour change
helps us identify what worked and what has not
allows measurement of change
allows evaluation of the processes by which a behaviour is modified or changed
Describe the health belief model as a theory of behaviour change?
people know that its good to exercise but we dont do it- why?
demographics- genetics, age
psychological characteristics- group pressure
we look at the threat of the illness- how bad is it actually- perceived susceptibility
perceived severity- eg diabetes, you wont die, theres drugs
health motivation- how important is it to change to you
perceived benefits and barriers of changing behaviour
cue to action- you dont care about exercise but all your friends do it, so your influenced
self efficacy
What is a limitation of this model?
it shows us the factors that may influence us to change our behaviour but it doesn’t show us how we can change it
What type of model is the health belief model?
linear
What is the theory of planned behaviour?
attitude towards behaviour- positive or negative feeling about physical activity
subjective norm- do family exercise, what is the norm
perceived behavioural control- do we feel in control of our behaviour
all these influence intention (motivation to change)
is the intention is there then we change behaviour
What is a limitation of the theory of planned behaviour?
the theory assumes that if out intentions are there, then we automatically do the behaviour however this is false
What type of theory is the theory of planned behaviour?
linear
What is the transtheoretical model?
states that people are in different stages of wanting to change their behaviour
for each stage we approach them differently and try and move them along the scale to changing behaviour
when we change- we have to work hard to maintain
relapses could occur
What are the 6 stages of the transtheoretical model?
pre contemplation- dont want to change or dont know they need to (try raise consciousness about what they are doing is bad)
contemplation- thinking of changing behaviour (being aware they need to change) (ask them to reflect, see whats stopping them from changing)
preparation- feel like they can do this, make a plan, research, join friends who exercise or do the behaviour you want for guidance
action- do the behaviour less than 6 months
maintenance- doing behaviour for a while
termination
What type of model is the transtheoretical model?
multidisciplinary not linear
What should we focus on using the transtheoretical model in our intervention to change a certain behaviour?
10 processes of change- stratagies to maintain or make a change, use this in intervention
decisional balance- cost vs benefit, see if there is benefit of changing behaviour
self efficacy- confidence to engage in behaviour
How is the transtheoretical model different to other models?
its a cycle
addresses weaknesses from other models
What are the limitations of the behaviour change theories?
small effect individually
often not always targets only one factor
intention behaviour gap
motivation, rationale behaviour
Who created the COM B model?
Michie et al 2011
Why is the COM B model used for by coaches?
helps them see what needs to change in order for behaviour change intervention to be effective
What needs to be present in to COM B model for behaviour change to occur?
capability
opportunity
motivation
a person needs all 3 in order for them to change their behaviour
all 3 factors influence each other
What is capability?
attribute of a person that together with opportunity makes a behaviour change possible to happen
they need to be psychologically capable and physically capable
What is opportunity?
attribute to the environmental system that together with capability makes change possible
need physical opportunity (finance, material resources) social opportunity (people)
What is motivation?
mental processes that energise and direct behaviour
reflective motivation- making plans
automatic- drive related, desires, habits
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Why is opportunity and capability important?
capability and opportunity need to be present and open for motivation to generate behaviour
the greater the opportunity and capability, the more likely the behaviour will occur because the more often the gates will be open for motivation to be present
the more capable we think we are, the more the enviro is to enacting it
What is the behaviour change wheel?
continuation of the COM B model
What is the behaviour change wheel (2014) made up of?
9 intervention functions (for each function there are many behaviour change techniques)
7- policy categories
creates framework for designing intervention for behaviour change
What is the difference between the COM B model and behaviour change wheel?
COM B tells you what needs to change
behaviour change wheel tells you how you can change it
What is the intervention process using the COM B model?
stage 1- understanding the behaviour
stage 2- identify intervention options
stage 3- identify context
