physical activity, social inequalities, and patterns of health

Question 1

What is the WHO definition of health?

Answer 1

a state of complete physical and mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

After the WHO definition was criticized, what other better suited definitions were made regarding health?

Answer 2

ability to adapt and self manage- Huber

public health is the collective action fro sustained population wide health- Beaglehole

Question 3

What is the social gradient?

Answer 3

the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health

Question 4

What are social determinents?

Answer 4

conditions which people live their lives
life circumstances affected by wealth, power, resources

life chances affected by- age, ethnicity, gender, disability, employment, income

Question 5

How do social determinants link to physical activity?

Answer 5

influence how much, what type and often people are physically active and where they do it

Question 6

What countries hold the most deaths from communicable and non communicable disease?

Answer 6

communicable- infectious, malaria- low income countries (south)

non communicable- CVD, high income countries because of obesity and inactivity

Question 7

How does life expectancy vary as you go out of london?

Answer 7

decreases as you travel out of London

Question 8

Where do health inequalities comes from?

Answer 8

not biological cause
because of social determinants
if these change and are tackled, we would have better health care

Question 9

Why is the social ecological model of health important when making health policy?

Answer 9

in this model all things are important to take into consideration when implementing public health policy or designing exercise interventions

Question 10

How can we address social inequalities in health?

Answer 10

policy- NHS England and public health England have a policy for reducing differences in health in different populations

law- health and social care act 2012-introduced legal duties on health organisations to have regard to

Question 11

What is the demonstration effect?

Answer 11

when a sporting event is hosted which encourages physical activity

Question 12

What is the reality of the demonstration effect?

Answer 12

children in the olympic borough live in poverty
teens high levels of smoking, pregnancy, fewer good GCSES
unemployed

demo effect only works for those that have money

Question 13

What were the first guidelines for physical activity called?

Answer 13

UK start active, stay active guidelines for physical activity 2011

Question 14

What is the UK start active stay active guidelines?

Answer 14

aimed at professionals and policy makers for behaviour change

general population- info on healthy life choices
behaviour change models
provided evidence for the public

Question 15

What were the SASA guidelines for physical activity?

Answer 15

150min per week
tailored guidelines for different age groups
recognition for role of vigorous activity
can do combination of both
daily activity is important, do a little a lot

updated 2019

Question 16

What was wrong with the case studies about the SASA age groups?

Answer 16

the case studies do not represent the British public
not everyone has outstanding opportunities
low income households
20% children live in poverty
safety of children
guidelines have no focus on social determinants

Question 17

What are the risk factors for child poverty?

Answer 17

lone parent houselhold
ethnic minority household
if one or both parents not working

Question 18

Why were the SASA illustrations for older adults not representative?

Answer 18

missing factors 
risk of falls 
pathologies 
no mention of physical or mental health
resources 
quality of life

Question 19

How can social determinants impact on physical activity relating to the components of the social ecological model of health?

Answer 19

indiv- motivation, education, knowledge of health and pa, genetics
interpersonal- social support, values, norms of family, family income, friends
organizational- health service, schools, tfl, access to healthy food
community- cultural religious beliefs, how healthcare and schools work together
public policy- welfare policy, public health policies

Question 20

What was the new public health policy released in 2014 called?

Answer 20

everybody active everyday

Question 21

What were the benefits and drawbacks of the policy compared to the 2011 policy?

Answer 21

inequality is recognised how it can impact pa
findings are more representative

supply lead
narrow knowledge base- what counts as evidence

Question 22

What can we learn from local expert knowledge?

Answer 22

integrate high quality evidence
better health for London
shows importance of having knowledge from different communities
local expert knowledge

Question 23

What can we learn from young people that want to be active?

Answer 23

get to know people who live in social determinants
impact of living in unsafe neighborhoods
communities think people are up to no good
having an awful time at school
mental and physical health

Question 24

What research was conducted for looking into adults who wanted to be active?

Answer 24

health and sport engagement project