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SP1602- Introduction to physical activity, health and wellbeing > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical activity?

A

any bodily movement produced that requires skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure

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2
Q

What are the different types of physical activtiy?

A

everyday activity- walking, housework, travelling

active recreation- choosing to go for a walk, dance

sport- competitive

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3
Q

Is sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity the same thing?

A

no

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4
Q

What is sedentary behaviour?

A

sitting, reclining or lying posture
awake
energy expenditure 1.0-1.5 MET
any activity you do that is below 1.5 MET in sat down or reclined posture is still 1.5 MET

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5
Q

What is physical inactivity?

A

engaging in insufficient amounts off physical activity to meet the public health guidelines

150min of moderate activity
75min of vigorous activity

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6
Q

What are the dimensions of physical activity? how do we break it down?

A

frequency
intensity
time
type

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7
Q

What are the domains of physical activity/ types?

A

occupational
recreational
transpirational
domestic

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8
Q

How would we measure physical activity?

A

use FITT principle

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9
Q

How do we decide what to measure?

A 
consider
what do you want to measure- physical activity, sedentary 
over what time period 
how accurate does it need to be 
cost 
time burden
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10
Q

What may we evaluate?

A

judging the value of activity
assessing effectiveness
examining if an activity has achieved its objectives
finding out processes by which success or failure of a programme has happened

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11
Q

What is the most accurate way of measuring the amount of time spent in moderate intensity physical activity across the day?

A

accelerometer

not HR as it can be affected by caffeine or stress

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12
Q

What are objective and subjective measures?

A

objective- (device measured),

subjective- (self report), measure what people say about their activity, context of where activity is done

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13
Q

What are some of the examples of objective measures?

A

activpal accelerometer- steps
pedometre
gas analysis- o2 intake with every breath, how many calories burnt

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14
Q

What is an example of subjective measure?

A

questionnaire

IPAQ

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15
Q

Describe what are accelerometers?

A

wear devices around waist
progressed to wrist
sense motion
contain crystals which pick up electrical activity
shows intensity and for how long they were doing an activity
measure every 5 sec

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16
Q

What are some of the examples of accelerometers?

A

activpal- worn on thigh, tells us if they are sat down or stood up, colour codes different postures

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17
Q

What are some of the limitations of accelerometers?

A

cant measure activity from stationary position- cycling, lifting weights
dont measure excess energy expenditure- walking up a hill carrying heavy bags
some models are not waterproof

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18
Q

What is an example of subjective methods?

A

self report
questionnaires- IPAQ (international physical activity questionnaire)
diaries

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19
Q

What are the benefits of using questionnaires?

A

cheap

easy to use and administer

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20
Q

What can the IPAQ measure?

A 
sedentary sitting time leisure time 
physical activities done 
gardening and domestic
work related activities 
transport related

physical activity is calculated by adding up total frequency and duration of activity per week
an calculate MET min per week
tells us total energy expenditure for the week

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21
Q

What are METS?

A

metabolic equivalents

measure how hard the body is working

22
Q

What is a MET at rest?

A

1MET- 3.5ML/KG/MIN

23
Q

What are the standard (constants) METS for walking, moderate and vigorous activity?

A

walking- 3.3METS
moderate-4 METS
vigorous-8 METS

constant x min x days

24
Q

What are the limitations of self report methods?

A 
people may struggle to recall
dont give honest answers because of social desirability- feel like they need to be active as it is the norm
overestimation of physical activity
low in accuracy
rely on patient recall
memory bias, not completed in real time
25
Q

What can we use to measure physical activity or sedentary behaviour?

A

questionnaires
accelerometers
pedometers

26
Q

What can we use to measure health?

A

body composition
height
weight

27
Q

What can you use to measure cognitive function?

A

cognitive tests
reaction time
memory

28
Q

What do we need to consider when choosing a measure?

A 
validity 
reliability
time 
cost
resources
29
Q

What would we use if we wanted to see if physical activity is related to health?

A

observational methodology

30
Q

What are the 2 types of observational methodology?

A

cross sectional studies- collect data from people at one specific time point

cohort studies- (disease, wellbeing, mortality) within a population monitored over years

31
Q

How do we measure effectiveness of interventions?

A

pre and post test
randomised controlled trial- control group (dont take part in intervention)
consider subjective or objective measures used

32
Q

Why do we need a control group?

A

see if there are any other changes that has impacted on physical activity or whether it was just the intervention

33
Q

What is a double water method?

A

assesses total energy expenditure

34
Q

What are the drawbacks of the double water method?

A

expensive
time consuming
only quantitative

35
Q

What are the drawbacks of using diaries?

A

not suitable for those with cognitive dysfunction

36
Q

How is direct observation used to measure physical activity?

A

observer monitors and records physical activity
used in small space, classroom
good for children as they can’t record their physical activity

37
Q

What are the drawbacks of using direct observation?

A

time
potential reactivity
difficulty obtaining ethical approval

38
Q

What are pedometers?

A

measure number of steps taken

39
Q

What are the benefits of using pedometers?

A

cheap
simple
can pick up short durations of activity

40
Q

What are the drawbacks of using pedometers?

A

cant record physical activity of upper limbs

cant record intensity

41
Q

What are some of the examples of pedometers?

A

yamax digi walker

stepwatch

42
Q

What are HR monitors?

A

real time data of HR
energy expenditure
intensity, duration of physical activity

43
Q

What are the benefits of using HR monitors?

A

worn on wrist or chest- not obstructive

44
Q

What are the drawbacks of HR monitors?

A

energy expenditure and HR dont have a linear relationship
caffeine, stress cant affect HR
age, mass, gender can affect resting HR
low accuracy

45
Q

What are the 2 types of HR monitors?

A

polar s410

actiheart

46
Q

What are arm band devices?

A

motion and HR sensors

measure energy expenditure

47
Q

What are the benefits of using arm band devices?

A

useful for daily life activities

48
Q

What are the drawbacks of arm band devices?

A

not ideal for high intensity

49
Q

What is an example of an armband device?

A

sensewear

50
Q

What are the factors of a study population that may impact what measure you use to measure physical activity?

A 
age
gender 
bodyweight 
medical co morbidities 
(more on sheet)

SP1602- Introduction to physical activity, health and wellbeing (6 decks)

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