Psychology of dysfunction Flashcards
Define dispositional characteristics and explain their importance
A persons individual character traits
They determine how a person will act in certain situations
Why is self regulation important to sport performance
Determines your emotions, cognitions and behaviours in response to events
Explain the concept of a cognitive schema
A framework, based on preconceived ideas developed due to previous history and experiences.
Allows us to interpret information quickly
A rule system of how to act in certain situations so alters how view world and self
Highly resistant to change
Explain the concept of a self perpetuating schema
Person will look for evidence to validate their schema
They will disregard information which contradicts it
Resulting in a distorted view of the world
What is the function of a schema
New info easier and quicker to process becaus can be generalised
Protection because realise threatening situations which are similar to previous ones
Helps to maintain interpersonal relationships
What does schema driven behaviour look like
Rigid
Intense when scheme under threat
How does the perfectionism schema develop
Parents only show conditional regard for child
Child only rewarded for a perfect performance and therefore have th desire to be perfect in all aspects
What are the sporting consequences of maladaptive perfectionism
Worries about disappointing coach
Focus on mistakes made
Has difficulty forgetting mistake
Intrusive thoughts about mistake
Self talk about the mistake
Describe how the schema acts in the preparation phase of sporting performance
Interacts with the environment (e.g away ground) and the sporting event (e.g important game)
Certain conditions will challenge the schema and could be negative for performance
Describe how the schema works during sorting performance
Persons schema will determine how they interpret the challenge they’re facing
If have a negative affect towards it they will focus on irrelevant stimuli and have dysfunctional performance
If have a positive affect towards it they will be focused on relevant stimuli, will have a good level of arrousal and therefore a functional performance
Describe the process of self regulation
Monitor environment for threats
Evaluate situation against own norms e.g how you think things should happen
Adjust behaviour or reactions accordingly
Generally speaking why does failure of self regulation lead to performance dysfunction
Usually happens without person thinking about
Failure means they start to think about these things so not focused on relevant stimuli
Describe the model for self regulation failure
Who proposed this model
High ego/esteemed position/well respected athlete so has high expectations
Failure would cause ego threat or threat to self worth
Causes emotional distress or anxiety
Distracts the person because not focusing on performance
Self regulation failure occurs with avoidance or counterproductive strategies
Baumeister 1997
Explain the concept of valence with regards to penalties and why it’s important
Who said it
Valence is the attractiveness of an outcome of a penalty
Jordet and Hartman defined a positive valence pen as one which wins the shootout if scored and a negative as one which loses the shootout if missed
Valence of the pen alters the level of ego threat
92% scored if +ve
62% scored if -ve
Jordet and Hartman 2008
Explain the link between past performance and penalty performance
Who said it
If team has previously not done well them the team is likely to perform badly again
Because players are more aware of consequences therefore have a bigger threat to ego
More wins in shootouts previously = more scored in current shootouts
> 1 previous win = 89% scored
2 previous losses = 57% scored
Jordet et al 2012
Describe the 4 stages of emotional distress during s shootout
1+2. Waiting to take your pen. All out of your control and nothing to focus on so highly distressing
- Walking to take pen. Have some control now so distress decreases
- Putting ball on spot so control and takes to focus on so distress decreases again
What is the link between waiting time and penalty success rate
Who said it
Longer time waiting for ref to blow whistle = less success
0 seconds = 90% scored
1-5 seconds = 61% scored
Jordet and Eiferink-Gemser 2006
Describe the differences in cardiovascular response when a person is in a threat situation vs a challenge situation
What is the significance of this
In a threat situ a person has a relatively lower cardiac output and relatively higher tpr
This reduces blood and glucose delivery to muscles which may negatively impact performance
What were the findings of the turner study on threat vs challenged states
Using cricket batting performance showed that mor runs are scored if in a challenged state
And that a higher TPR was associated with a lower score
Describe how potential performance dysfunction should be considered in the post performance phase
Need to differentiate between unsatisfactory performance and performance dysfunction
Need to address any performance and try to overcome this
Describe the two possible causes of chronic dysfunction
Avoidant coping style where a person avoids situations because of fear of failure
Exoeriencial avoidance where a person avoids something because of a previous bad experience in a similar situ
What were the findings of the paper by Jordet in 2009
More pens were scored by players pre-award than by those who already had an award. Award players already scored less than ‘no status’ players (65% vs 89% vs 74%)
England players, 60% back to goal, known to be shit at pens
59% scored when ball on spot 0-0.2 second
78%. When ball on spot 0.8-1 second
England average of 0.25 secs, Germany average of 0.6
What is the definition of choking under pressure
Performing worse than expected in situations with a high degree of perceived importance
