Essay Flashcards
3 methods to alter risk of infection intro paragraph
Altering training
Supplements
Holistic well being
Why could reducing infection benefit performance
Increase chances of best players being available
Compromised chances if best player. Issuing especially for key game
Factors such as J shaped curve, foreign travel and the nature of international tournament can increase chances of infectio
Reference for J shaped curve
Neiman 1994
Fatigue paragraph reference
Likely to be fatigue due to many games, 10km per game.
Games every 3-4 days in tourne
Bury et al 1998 - more colds and longer duration players vs control when fixture congestion
Neville et al 2008 - correlation between perceived level of fatigue and IgA levels
Gleeson et al 1999 - lower salivary IgA I’m swim,ears = increased number of URTI
Length of training paragraph
Immune dysfunction most pronounced when exercise is >1.5 hrs and of moderate to high intensity
Gleason 2007
Know that long games = increased risk
Don’t do prolonged training
Nutritional support during training
Significant fall in anti-viral proliferation with placebo, not with carb drink. Carb drink = significantly higher on second day. Restored immune function
Bishop et al 2005
2hrs running, migration of antiviral cells to cells infected with cold virus
20% decline with drink
60% decline with placebo
Salivary IgA monitoring paragraph
Inverse association between salivary IgA and number of infection
Gleason et al 1999
Predicting infection by monitoring level of IgA compared to average
40% decline = 50% chance within 3 weeks
Fatigue correlated well so could be used as a crude measure
Neville et al 2008
Probiotic drinks to prevent fall in salivary IgA
Took for 16 weeks during winter training
Able to prevent seasonal decline in IgA seen in controls
Also experienced fewer URTI episodes vs placebo
Gleason and bishop 2011
30 Elite rugby players in New Zeland
3 month trial
53% on probiotic experience cold symptoms vs 80% in placebo
First trial into taking of probiotic in team sport
Haywood et al 2014
Vitamin D, link to salivary IgA and URTI
Association between deficiency and dysfunction
He et al 2013
Vitamin D receptor on immune cells
Kamen et al 2010
Secretion rate of salivary IgA fell as vitamin D status moved away from optimal.
Falling vitamin D = increased incidence and severity of URTI symptoms
Gleason and bishop 2013
Footballer case study
Deficient in bit D at base long so given supplements
Along side other strategies but had reduced number of URTI and symptom severity
Ranchordas et al 2016
Lack of sleep
Inoculated with common cold
Sleeping habits and development of symptoms monitored
Sleeping < 5hrz or 5-6 = 4x more likely to get cold than sleeping 7 hours
Prather et al 2015
Footballer also increased sleep from 5 to 7 hrs
Ranchordas et al 2016
Stress
Controls vs CBT to reduce stress
Intervention = decreased number of visits to health centre and decease in days off work
Perna et al 2003
Inoculated with cold, positive correlation between stress index and percentage of subjects developing a cold
Cohen et al 1991
Basic hygiene
Not sharing bottles
Avoiding people who are ill
Hand washing with soap and water best
Grayson et al 2009
