Psychology Midterm Ch 1-7

Question 1

In a written report of their research, psychologists state exactly how anxiety is measured, thus providing their readers with a(n)

Answer 1

operational definition.

Question 2

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called

Answer 2

duel processing

Question 3

Dr. Vazquez helps people make career choices by assisting them in identifying their strengths and interests. Dr. Vazquez is most likely a

Answer 3

counseling psychologist.

Question 4

Dr. Lipka is involved in the study of employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Answer 4

industrial-organizational

Question 5

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called

Answer 5

debriefing

Question 6

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called

Answer 6

independent

Question 7

The perspective focuses on the extent to which our genes and our environments influence our individual differences?

Answer 7

behavior genetics

Question 8

The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in

Answer 8

young children who have suffered serious damage to a brain area.

Question 9

The ability to simultaneously draw one shape with the right hand and a different shape with the left hand is most characteristic of those whose ________ has been cut.

Answer 9

corpus callosum

Question 10

Knowing that you will be punished for breaking Mom’s favorite dish is a function of the

Answer 10

association areas

Question 11

The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of

Answer 11

neural networks.

Question 12

An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as ________ is linked to seizures.

Answer 12

GABA

Question 13

The release of hormones by the adrenal glands is most likely to trigger

Answer 13

fight of flight response

Question 14

Sensory neurons are located in the

Answer 14

peripheral nervous system.

Question 15

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna’s heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

Answer 15

dreaming

Question 16

A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a(n)

Answer 16

reflex

Question 17

Mathematical and spatial reasoning are especially likely to be linked with association areas in the

Answer 17

parietal lobes

Question 18

Six-year-old Ashley effectively restrained herself from touching a burning candle by inaudibly whispering the word “hot.” The advantage of her verbal self-control tactic was most clearly highlighted by

Answer 18

Lev Vygotsky.

Question 19

Physical abilities such as muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output reach their peak during

Answer 19

early adulthood

Question 20

The ability to think logically about hypothetical situations is indicative of the ________ stage of development.

Answer 20

formal operation

Question 21

In late adulthood, Mr. Klondike has become increasingly likely to make socially impolite remarks about other people’s appearance or mannerisms. His blunt comments are most likely to indicate late life shrinkage of the _____ lobes.

Answer 21

frontal

Question 22

In service-learning programs where teens have tutored children or assisted older adults, the teens have experienced

Answer 22

increase willingness to serve

Question 23

If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to

Answer 23

recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.

Question 24

Sixty-five-year-olds should drive cars with ________ windshields because with age the eye’s lens becomes ________ cloudy.

Answer 24

untinted ; more

Question 25

Mrs. Wilson is 78 years old and over the past few years she has become increasingly susceptible to bouts of pneumonia. This can most clearly be attributed to

Answer 25

weakened immune system

Question 26

Will anxious children grow up to be either fearful or relaxed adults? This question highlights the issue of

Answer 26

stability and change

Question 27

Lacking any exposure to language before adolescence, a person will never master any language due to the ________ of unused neural connections.

Answer 27

pruning

Question 28

Those who defend evolutionary psychology against criticism are most likely to suggest that evolutionary principles

Answer 28

generate testable predictions.

Question 29

The content and intensity of erotic material may have a greater impact on the arousal of a viewer than does the gender of the people being watched. This is especially likely for

Answer 29

heterosexual and homosexual women.

Question 30

According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be

Answer 30

genetically influenced.

Question 31

What is the very first of three steps basic to all sensory systems?

Answer 31

receiving sensory stimulation

Question 32

People who are color-blind for red and green may still see yellow. This is most easily explained by

Answer 32

the opponent-process theory.

Question 33

Sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals are called

Answer 33

nociceptors

Question 34

Receptor cells for kinesthesia are located in the

Answer 34

muscles, tendons, and joints.

Question 35

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

Answer 35

the optic nerve

Question 36

Three steps basic to all sensory systems include the ________ of information to the brain.

Answer 36

receiving, transforming, and delivering

Question 37

Sense perception cells that project antenna-like hairs are located within

Answer 37

taste-buds

Question 38

During the pollen season, your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the importance of

Answer 38

sensory interaction

Question 39

Retinal disparity refers to the

Answer 39

somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object.

Question 40

The greatest difficulty facing contemporary research on ESP is the

Answer 40

lack of reproducible evidence of ESP.

Question 41

When Kristy saw her mother and sister running toward her, she quickly recognized that her sister was running ahead of her mother. This best illustrates Kristy’s capacity for

Answer 41

depth perception

Question 42

Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that

Answer 42

people who are highly responsive to hypnotic induction are especially imaginative.

Question 43

The feature detectors identified by David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel respond to specific aspects of ________ stimulation.

Answer 43

visual

Question 44

On the way to the temporal lobe’s auditory cortex, neural impulses from the auditory nerve are first relayed to the

Answer 44

thalamus

Question 45

The pitch of sounds is determined by the ________ of sound waves.

Answer 45

frequency

Question 46

The interior surface of the cochlea is lined with

Answer 46

hair cells

Question 47

Although a few keys on the piano were broken, Shana mentally filled in the missing notes of the familiar melodies. This best illustrates the principle of

Answer 47

closure

Question 48

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend’s phone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend’s number. Arnold’s difficulty best illustrates

Answer 48

proactive interference

Question 49

Research by Kandel and Schwartz on sea slugs indicates that memory formation is associated with the

Answer 49

release of certain neurotransmitters.

Question 50

A lasting physical change in the brain as a memory forms is called a

Answer 50

memory trace

Question 51

After hearing the sound of an ambulance, you may be momentarily predisposed to interpret a friend’s brief coughing spell as a symptom of serious illness. This best illustrates the impact of

Answer 51

priming

Question 52

Words, images, and other bits of information used to access a stored memory are called

Answer 52

retrieval cues

Question 53

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which measure of memory is being used?

Answer 53

recall