Chapter 1 Psychology's Roots, Big Ideas, and Critical Thinking Tools Flashcards
In 1879, in psychology’s first experiment,——–
and his students measured the time lag between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a key.
Wilhelm Wundt
In the early twentieth century, ——– redefined psychology as “the science of observable behavior.”
John B. Watson
A psychologist treating emotionally troubled adolescents at a local mental health agency is most likely to be a(n)
clinical psychologist
A psychologist doing research from the perspective might be interested in how our blood chemistry affects our moods and motives.
neuroscience
How can critical thinking help you evaluate claims in the media, even if you’re not a scientific expert on the issue?
look for evidence instead of relying on our intuition which is often wrong.
Nature is to nurture as
biology is to experience.
——- is the principle that our mind processes information on two tracks simultaneously—one with our full awareness and the other outside of our awareness.
Duel processing
Positive psychology uses scientific methods to explore positive —– , positive —— , and positive —-.
emotions, character traits, institutions
—– refers to our tendency to perceive events as obvious or inevitable after the fact.
Hindsight bias
As scientists, psychologists
put competing ideas to the test and collect evidence.
Theory-based predictions are called .
hypotheses
You wish to survey a group of people who truly represent the country’s adult population. Therefore, you need to ensure that you question a ——-sample of the population.
random
Knowing that two events are correlated provides
a
. a basis for prediction.
A study finds that the more childbirth training classes women attend, the less pain medication they require during childbirth. This finding can be stated as a
(positive/negative) correlation.
negative
To explain behaviors and clarify cause and effect, psychologists use .
experiments
