Psychology Exam 4 Flashcards
Branch of psychology concerned with the way one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others
Social Psychology
Perceptions associated with physically attractive people
Sociable, friendly, warm, well-adjusted (these perceptions are due to the media)
Normal cognitive processes involving widely held social schemas that led people toe expect other to have certain characteristics due to their membership in a specific group
Stereotypes
Negative attitude toward a person due to group membership
Prejudice
Cognitive, Affective, behavioral elements of prejudice
Cognitive (thoughts): Ex. women aren’t good for leadership
Affective (emotions): ex. women in leadership roles makes me mad
Behavioral (actions): ex. I wouldn’t hire a woman as a manager
The action of behaving differently towards someone due to their group membership
Discrimination
Group one identifies with, shows favoritism towards
Ingroup
Group one does not identify with, shows derogatory reactions towards them
Outgroup
Inferences people draw as to the causes of events, behavior (of themselves and others)
Internal Attributions: behavior caused by internal(personal) traits
External Attributions: behavior caused by environmental problems
Observers bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others behavior, blame own behavior on external attributions
Self-serving bias
Collectivism vs. Individualism
Collectivism is more society/community-minded (Asian countries) and put group goals ahead of personal goals. Individualism focuses on personal goals over community/group goals (westernized cultures)
What is defensive attribution
Person blames the victim/victim’s problems on internal attributions because they want to believe the world is okay and that wouldn’t happen to them
Says males and females of approximately equal attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners
Matching Hypothesis
Where a partner helps the other one feel good about oneself
Self-enhancement
Where dating people modify their attitudes to make them more congruent with the other person
Attitude Alignment
Covert attitudes that are expressed in subtle, automatic responses that people don’t have conscious control over
Implicit Attitudes (ex. “we’re all a little racist”)
Attitudes we hold consciously and can readily describe
Explicit Attitudes
Traits of those with secure attachment as infants
Secure attachment in relationships, trusting, less worried, more motivated to show love in sex, less accepting of casual sex
Traits of those with anxious-ambivalent attachment as infants
Love accompanied by jealousy, fear of rejection, have sex to fix insecurities, less likely to practice safe sex, more likely to give into sex
Traits of those with avoidant attachment as infants
Lack intimacy and trust, casual sex, use sex to manipulate partners
What are source, receivers, messages, channels , and factors of message being received
Source: person sending message Receiver: person to whom message is sent Message: Info transmitted Channels: How the message is sent Factors: Credibility, expertise, trust, likability, similarity
Says that repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to a greater liking of the stimulus
Exposure Effect
Related cognitions contradict each other, accompanied by tension; (ex. A person sees themselves as hard working but procrastinates a project —> the person will either change beliefs of what hard work is or justify their procrastination)
Cognitive Dissonance
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure; who did these tests/research
Conformity (Asch did tests using cards–6 people, the last person knows what everyone else chose and is more likely to just side with the others)
