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Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Father of modern psychology, made psychology its own field (out of philosophy and physiology)

A

Wundt

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2
Q

Wundt was a __________ meaning he was interested in what?

A

Voluntarist; volitional/conscious behavior and mental processes

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3
Q

Famous for his psychoanalytic theory; shaped the field of clinical psychology

A

Freud

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4
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focuses on the unconscious

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5
Q

Founder of Behaviorism; emphasizes exclusive focus on studying behavior rather than consciousness

A

Watson

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6
Q

1st president of the APA; exposed American psychologists to the psychoanalytic theory

A

Hall

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7
Q

Founded Functionalism and the “stream of consciousness”; highly influenced by Darwin

A

James

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8
Q

Developed the theory of collective unconscious (memories are inherited from the past)

A

Jung

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9
Q

Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related

A

Structuralism

it depends on introspection; founded by Titchener

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10
Q

Says that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure

A

Functionalism

this focuses on the “stream of consciousness”-flow of thoughts rather than its components

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11
Q

Says that only observable events can be studied scientifically, studies effects of the environment on behavior of humans and animals

A

Behaviorism

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12
Q

Believed that people should abandon studying consciousness and study behavior

A

Watson

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13
Q

Developed stimulus-response psychology to help behaviorists view psychology as an attempt to relate behaviors to observable events in the environment

A

Pavlov

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14
Q

Argued against free will; humans and animals just repeat actions that will lead to positive outcomes

A

Skinner

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15
Q

Argued that people are governed by self-concepts; humans are free rational beings with potential for growth

A

Humanists

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16
Q

Branch of psychology concerned with diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

A

Clinical Psychology

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17
Q

Branch of psychology that assists people in everyday problems like family, marital, and careers

A

Counseling Psychology

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18
Q

Branch of psychology that works to improve curriculum, testing, teacher training, and other aspects of educational processes

A

Educational Psychology

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19
Q

Statistical side of psychology, measures human attributes

A

Quantitative Psychology

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20
Q

Refers to mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

A

Cognition

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21
Q

Research used to be done only on this group?

A

Upper class white males

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22
Q

Branch of psychology that deals with human development and how behavior changes as you develop

A

Developmental Psychology

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23
Q

Type of psychology that studies the evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals

A

Evolutionary Psychology

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24
Q

Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence

A

Positive Psychology

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25
Branch of psychology that examines influence of genetic factors on behavior
Physiological Psychology
26
Branch of Psychology that deals with the measurement of behavior and capacities, usually with psychological tests
Psychometrics
27
Focuses on how psychological factors affect physical health
Health Psychology
28
Type of psychology that says organisms functions can be described in terms of body structures
Biological Psychology
29
The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
Empiricism
30
System of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
Theory
31
How does psychology evolve in a sociohistorical context?
Psychology and society influence each other, history and psychology influence each other
32
Good study techniques
Studying with limited distractions, make big assignments into little ones, dont cram, take notes, go to class, highlight main ideas
33
Purposeful, reasoned, goal-directed thinking that involves solving problems and making decisions based on logic
Critical Thinking
34
What is a double-blind research study?
Neither researcher nor participants know which is the control and which is the experimental group
35
Repetition of a study to see whether earlier results are duplicated
Replication
36
Combines statistical results of many studies of the same questions, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of variable effects
Meta-Analysis
37
Leads people to answer questions about themselves in a way to fit in with societal expectations
Social Desirability Bias
38
When one's overall evaluation of a person, object, or institution spills over to influence more specific ratings
Halo Effect
39
Tendency to response to questions n a particular way unrelated to the content of the questions
Response Set
40
Unrepresentative sample of population in experiment that leads to inaccuracy
Sampling Bias
41
Produced by a person's expectations about treatment
Placebo Effect
42
Complex Communication network in which signals are constantly being received, integrated, and transmitted
Nervous System
43
The "mothering cell" of the neuron, provides support
Glia
44
Cell body
Soma (info passes Dendrite --> Soma --> Axon)
45
Cells that receive, integrate, and transmit info
Neurons
46
Chemicals that transmit info from one neuron to another
Neurotransmitters
47
Specialized part of a cell that receives info
Dendrites
48
Serves as an insulator around the axon and speeds transmission of signals
Myelin Sheath
49
How does MS occur?
The Myelin Sheath degenerates, preventing nerve transmission to some muscles
50
Small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters
Terminal Buttons
51
Junction where info is transmitted from one neuron to another
Synapse
52
Place where contents of membrane of presynaptic cell is spilled
Synaptic Cleft
53
Small sacs that store neurotransmitters
Synaptic Vesicles
54
The charge difference across the membrane of a cell, aprox. -70 millovolts
Resting Potential
55
Electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron, travels between 2 and 200 mph
Action Potential
56
Neuron that sends a signal across the synapse
Presynaptic Neuron
57
Neuron that receives the signal from presynaptic neuron
Postsynaptic Neuron
58
Voltage charge at receptor sites on a postsynaptic cell membrane
postsynaptic potential
59
Neurotransmitters are sponged up from synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane
Reuptake
60
What causes the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
A vesicle fuses with a membrane of the presynaptic cell
61
Abnormalities at these synapses contribute to depression
Seratonin, Norepinephrine
62
Neurotransmitter that deals with sleep and eating behavior
Seratonin (low levels can cause eating disorders/depression)
63
Neurotransmitter that contributes to attention, arousal and memory; low levels can cause Alzheimer's
Acetylicholine
64
Neurotransmitter responsible for development of schizophrenia
Dopamine
65
Neurotransmitters for pain relief, contribute to runner's high
Endorphins
66
Chemical that mimics action of a neurotransmitter
Agonist
67
Chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter
Antagonist
68
Includes brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
69
Made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors
Somatic Nervous System
70
Controls automatic, involuntary functions (like breathing and heart rate)
Autonomic Nervous System
71
Incudes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
72
Flight or fight response; mobilizes bodily resources in emergencies
Sympathetic Nervous System
73
Conserves bodily resources to save and store energy
Parasympathetic Nervous System
74
Monitors electrical activity of the brain overtime by recording electrodes on the scalp
Electroencephalograph (EEG) **SLIDE 27 Ch. 3 WAVES**
75
Critical for coordination of movement and balance, motor skills
Cerebellum
76
Regulate sleep and arousal
Pons
77
Deals with largely conscious but essential functions (breathing, muscle tone, circulation)
Medula
78
Seen if 2 halves of the brain are pulled apart
Corpus Callosum
79
Regulates biological drives, "4 F's"
Hypothalamus (Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, Mating)
80
Involved with all sensory information except smell
Thalamus
81
Modulates emotion, memory, and motivation
Limbic System
82
Part of limbic system that deals with emotion and aggression
Amygdale
83
Deals with visual processing
Occipital Lobe
84
Experience can effect brain structure; the brain is more plastic than previously believed
Neuroplasticity
85
Said that the brain plays a role in speech production
Broca
86
Said that damage to a portion of the temporal lobe on the left hemisphere leads to problems with comprehension of language
Wernicke
87
What does the left side of the brain specialize in?
Verbal processesing
88
What does the right side of the brain specialize in?
Visual, musical tasks
89
Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to control body function
Endocrine system
90
Traits are polygenic-what does this mean?
They are shaped by more than one gene
91
T/F Exercise releases endorphins which is good for overall health/happiness
True

Psychology (7 decks)

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