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Psychology > Psychology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Father of modern psychology, made psychology its own field (out of philosophy and physiology)

A

Wundt

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2
Q

Wundt was a __________ meaning he was interested in what?

A

Voluntarist; volitional/conscious behavior and mental processes

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3
Q

Famous for his psychoanalytic theory; shaped the field of clinical psychology

A

Freud

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4
Q

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focuses on the unconscious

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5
Q

Founder of Behaviorism; emphasizes exclusive focus on studying behavior rather than consciousness

A

Watson

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6
Q

1st president of the APA; exposed American psychologists to the psychoanalytic theory

A

Hall

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7
Q

Founded Functionalism and the “stream of consciousness”; highly influenced by Darwin

A

James

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8
Q

Developed the theory of collective unconscious (memories are inherited from the past)

A

Jung

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9
Q

Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related

A

Structuralism

it depends on introspection; founded by Titchener

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10
Q

Says that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure

A

Functionalism

this focuses on the “stream of consciousness”-flow of thoughts rather than its components

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11
Q

Says that only observable events can be studied scientifically, studies effects of the environment on behavior of humans and animals

A

Behaviorism

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12
Q

Believed that people should abandon studying consciousness and study behavior

A

Watson

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13
Q

Developed stimulus-response psychology to help behaviorists view psychology as an attempt to relate behaviors to observable events in the environment

A

Pavlov

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14
Q

Argued against free will; humans and animals just repeat actions that will lead to positive outcomes

A

Skinner

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15
Q

Argued that people are governed by self-concepts; humans are free rational beings with potential for growth

A

Humanists

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16
Q

Branch of psychology concerned with diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

A

Clinical Psychology

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17
Q

Branch of psychology that assists people in everyday problems like family, marital, and careers

A

Counseling Psychology

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18
Q

Branch of psychology that works to improve curriculum, testing, teacher training, and other aspects of educational processes

A

Educational Psychology

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19
Q

Statistical side of psychology, measures human attributes

A

Quantitative Psychology

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20
Q

Refers to mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

A

Cognition

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21
Q

Research used to be done only on this group?

A

Upper class white males

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22
Q

Branch of psychology that deals with human development and how behavior changes as you develop

A

Developmental Psychology

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23
Q

Type of psychology that studies the evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals

A

Evolutionary Psychology

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24
Q

Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence

A

Positive Psychology

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25
Q

Branch of psychology that examines influence of genetic factors on behavior

A

Physiological Psychology

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26
Q

Branch of Psychology that deals with the measurement of behavior and capacities, usually with psychological tests

A

Psychometrics

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27
Q

Focuses on how psychological factors affect physical health

A

Health Psychology

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28
Q

Type of psychology that says organisms functions can be described in terms of body structures

A

Biological Psychology

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29
Q

The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

A

Empiricism

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30
Q

System of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations

A

Theory

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31
Q

How does psychology evolve in a sociohistorical context?

A

Psychology and society influence each other, history and psychology influence each other

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32
Q

Good study techniques

A

Studying with limited distractions, make big assignments into little ones, dont cram, take notes, go to class, highlight main ideas

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33
Q

Purposeful, reasoned, goal-directed thinking that involves solving problems and making decisions based on logic

A

Critical Thinking

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34
Q

What is a double-blind research study?

A

Neither researcher nor participants know which is the control and which is the experimental group

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35
Q

Repetition of a study to see whether earlier results are duplicated

A

Replication

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36
Q

Combines statistical results of many studies of the same questions, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of variable effects

A

Meta-Analysis

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37
Q

Leads people to answer questions about themselves in a way to fit in with societal expectations

A

Social Desirability Bias

38
Q

When one’s overall evaluation of a person, object, or institution spills over to influence more specific ratings

A

Halo Effect

39
Q

Tendency to response to questions n a particular way unrelated to the content of the questions

A

Response Set

40
Q

Unrepresentative sample of population in experiment that leads to inaccuracy

A

Sampling Bias

41
Q

Produced by a person’s expectations about treatment

A

Placebo Effect

42
Q

Complex Communication network in which signals are constantly being received, integrated, and transmitted

A

Nervous System

43
Q

The “mothering cell” of the neuron, provides support

A

Glia

44
Q

Cell body

A

Soma (info passes Dendrite –> Soma –> Axon)

45
Q

Cells that receive, integrate, and transmit info

A

Neurons

46
Q

Chemicals that transmit info from one neuron to another

A

Neurotransmitters

47
Q

Specialized part of a cell that receives info

A

Dendrites

48
Q

Serves as an insulator around the axon and speeds transmission of signals

A

Myelin Sheath

49
Q

How does MS occur?

A

The Myelin Sheath degenerates, preventing nerve transmission to some muscles

50
Q

Small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters

A

Terminal Buttons

51
Q

Junction where info is transmitted from one neuron to another

A

Synapse

52
Q

Place where contents of membrane of presynaptic cell is spilled

A

Synaptic Cleft

53
Q

Small sacs that store neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic Vesicles

54
Q

The charge difference across the membrane of a cell, aprox. -70 millovolts

A

Resting Potential

55
Q

Electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron, travels between 2 and 200 mph

A

Action Potential

56
Q

Neuron that sends a signal across the synapse

A

Presynaptic Neuron

57
Q

Neuron that receives the signal from presynaptic neuron

A

Postsynaptic Neuron

58
Q

Voltage charge at receptor sites on a postsynaptic cell membrane

A

postsynaptic potential

59
Q

Neurotransmitters are sponged up from synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane

A

Reuptake

60
Q

What causes the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

A

A vesicle fuses with a membrane of the presynaptic cell

61
Q

Abnormalities at these synapses contribute to depression

A

Seratonin, Norepinephrine

62
Q

Neurotransmitter that deals with sleep and eating behavior

A

Seratonin (low levels can cause eating disorders/depression)

63
Q

Neurotransmitter that contributes to attention, arousal and memory; low levels can cause Alzheimer’s

A

Acetylicholine

64
Q

Neurotransmitter responsible for development of schizophrenia

A

Dopamine

65
Q

Neurotransmitters for pain relief, contribute to runner’s high

A

Endorphins

66
Q

Chemical that mimics action of a neurotransmitter

A

Agonist

67
Q

Chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter

A

Antagonist

68
Q

Includes brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

69
Q

Made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors

A

Somatic Nervous System

70
Q

Controls automatic, involuntary functions (like breathing and heart rate)

A

Autonomic Nervous System

71
Q

Incudes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nervous System

72
Q

Flight or fight response; mobilizes bodily resources in emergencies

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

73
Q

Conserves bodily resources to save and store energy

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

74
Q

Monitors electrical activity of the brain overtime by recording electrodes on the scalp

A

Electroencephalograph (EEG) SLIDE 27 Ch. 3 WAVES

75
Q

Critical for coordination of movement and balance, motor skills

A

Cerebellum

76
Q

Regulate sleep and arousal

A

Pons

77
Q

Deals with largely conscious but essential functions (breathing, muscle tone, circulation)

A

Medula

78
Q

Seen if 2 halves of the brain are pulled apart

A

Corpus Callosum

79
Q

Regulates biological drives, “4 F’s”

A

Hypothalamus (Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, Mating)

80
Q

Involved with all sensory information except smell

A

Thalamus

81
Q

Modulates emotion, memory, and motivation

A

Limbic System

82
Q

Part of limbic system that deals with emotion and aggression

A

Amygdale

83
Q

Deals with visual processing

A

Occipital Lobe

84
Q

Experience can effect brain structure; the brain is more plastic than previously believed

A

Neuroplasticity

85
Q

Said that the brain plays a role in speech production

A

Broca

86
Q

Said that damage to a portion of the temporal lobe on the left hemisphere leads to problems with comprehension of language

A

Wernicke

87
Q

What does the left side of the brain specialize in?

A

Verbal processesing

88
Q

What does the right side of the brain specialize in?

A

Visual, musical tasks

89
Q

Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to control body function

A

Endocrine system

90
Q

Traits are polygenic-what does this mean?

A

They are shaped by more than one gene

91
Q

T/F Exercise releases endorphins which is good for overall health/happiness

A

True

Psychology (7 decks)

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