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FHU freshman yr. > psychology exam #3 > Flashcards

psychology exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

the consistency we see in personal behavior patterns

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2
Q

temperament

A

natural part of your personality that comes from your genes

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3
Q

character

A

both a natural component of personality and one you learn

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4
Q

the big 5 personality factors

A
  1. openness to experience
  2. conscientiousness
  3. extraversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. neuroticism (anxiety, depression, self- doubt)
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5
Q

humanistic perspective of personality

A

personal growth

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6
Q

Gordon Allport

A

humanistic cardinal, central, and secondary traits

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7
Q

Raymond B. Catte II

A
  • humanistic
  • 16 PF personality test
  • surface traits
  • source traits
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8
Q

behaviorist perspective of personality

A

personality is result of learned behavior patterns in environment
John Watson

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9
Q

psychoanalytic perspective of personality

A

personality results from unconscious urges and desires
Freud: id, superego, ego
Jung: collective unconscious, archetypes

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10
Q

conscious

A

everything you are aware of at a given moment thoughts, feelings, perceptions

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11
Q

preconscious

A

contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved

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12
Q

unconscious

A

a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. according to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

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13
Q

id

A

a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. the id operates on the pleasure principles, demanding immediate gratification

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14
Q

superego

A

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations
- comes from parents/caregivers

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15
Q

ego

A

the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. the ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

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16
Q

social learning perspective of personality

A

people observe behavior either directly through social interactions with others or indirectly by observing behaviors through media. actions that are rewarded are more likely to be imitated, while those that are punished are voided

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17
Q

psychopathology

A

study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
- abnormality, non conformity, and normality

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18
Q

mood disorders

A

a mental health problem that primarily affects a person’s emotional state; a person experiences long periods of extreme happiness, extreme sadness or both

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19
Q

mania

A

elevated mood; impulsive; little sleep

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20
Q

major depression

A

depressed mood

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21
Q

bipolar 1

A

full manic and major depressive episodes

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22
Q

hypomania

A

elevated mood that is less intense than full mania; functionable

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23
Q

dysthymia

A

a milder affective disorder characterized by chronic depression

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24
Q

cyclothymia

A

disorder that consists of mood swings from dysthymia to hypomania and last two years or more

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25
bipolar !!
a type of bipolar disorder marked by mildly manic (hypomanic) episodes and major depressive episodes
26
psychotic disorder
disruptions to a person's thoughts and perceptions that make it difficult for them to recognize what is real and what is not hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking/speech, diminished emotional expression, lack of motivation
27
delusional disorder
made up of delusions
28
brief psychotic disorder
psychotic disturbance involving delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior but lasting less than 1 month; often occurs in reaction to a stressor
29
schizophrenoform disorder
experienced symptoms of schizophrenia for only a few months then resumes normal life
30
schizophrenia
a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
31
schizoaffective disorder
psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder
32
anxiety disorders
-phobias -panic disorders -PTSD -trauma and stressor related -OCD
33
obsessions
persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress
34
compulsions
repetitive behaviors
35
personality disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
36
antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
37
borderline personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and impulse control
38
psychotherapy
bring about positive changes in personality, behavior, or personal adjustment
39
core features of psychology
1. therapy provides a therapeutic alliance 2. therapy offers a protected setting in which emotional catharsis can take place 3. all therapies to some extent offer an explanation or rationale for the client's suffering 4. therapy provides clients with a new perspective about themselves & their situations & a chance to practice new behaviors
40
types of therapy
- individual v. group - insight v. action - directive v. nondirective - open ended v. time limited - face to face v. distance
41
insight therapy
any therapy that stresses the importance of understanding the origins of a psychological disorder, usually unresolved unconscious conflicts
42
action therapies
therapies in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly any therapy that stresses directly changing troublesome thoughts and/or behaviors without regard for their organs
43
directive therapy
any therapy that stresses the need for the therapist to lead the patient toward a resolution of his or her psychological distress
44
non directive therapy
a type of therapy in which the client rather than the therapist is encouraged to take the lead
45
brief psychodynamic therapy
self- awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior; designed to produce insights more quickly modern of psychoanalytic behavior
46
interpersonal psychotherapy
a brief dynamic psychotherapy designed to help people by improving their relationships with other people
47
group therapy
psychological treatment involving several unrelated clients
48
psychodrama
clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others who play supporting roles
49
role reversal
taking the role of another person o learn how one's behavior appears from the other person's perspective
50
mirror technique
observing another person reenact one's own behavior appears from the other person's perspective
51
behavior therapy
any therapy designed to actively change behavior
52
aversion therapy
treatment to reduce unwanted behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus
53
response- contingent shock
shocks that are linked to a response
54
exposure therapy
alleviating fears and phobias (conditioned emotional responses) by causing classical conditioning extinction
55
systematic desensitization
a guided reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion attached by gradually approaching a fear stimulus while maintaining relaxation
56
tension-release method
a procedure for systematically achieving deep elation of the body
57
reciprocal inhibition
presence of one emotional state can inhibit the occurrence of another, such as joy preventing fear or anxiety inhibiting pleasure
58
vicarious desensitization
a reduction in fear or anxiety that takes place vicariously ("secondhand") when a client watches models perform the feared behavior
59
virtual reality exposure
use of computer generated images to present fear stimuli. the virtual environment responds to a viewer's head movements and other inputs
60
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
holding upsetting thoughts in the mind while rapidly moving the eyes from side to side to reduce fear or anxiety
61
humanistic therapies
insight therapies intended to help clients gain deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavior
62
cognitive therapies
tend to be action- oriented; less concerned with insight than with helping people change problematic thinking patterns treatment of emotional and behavioral problems by changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feelings
63
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by carl rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate client's growth (also called person-centered therapy) non directive
64
existential therapy
focuses on the elemental problems of existence such as death, meaning choice and. responsibility; emphasizes making courageous life choices, helps clients discover self-imposed limitations in personal identity
65
logo therapy
developed by Frankl, this brand of existential therapy literally means "healing through reason" it focuses on challenging clients to search for meaning to life
66
gestalt therapy
has the goal of helping the client become aware if his or her thoughts, behaviors, experiences, and feelings and to "own" or take responsibility for them
67
gaps in experience
shying away from expressing or "owning" upsetting feelings; creates a gap in self awareness that may become a barrier to personal growth
68
cognitive behavioral therapy
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
69
thought stopping
the use of aversive stimuli to interrupt or prevent upsetting thoughts
70
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions designed to identify and change self defeating thoughts
71
somatic therapy
any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery
72
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized

FHU freshman yr. (7 decks)

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