general psychology chapters 15-17

Question 1

psychotherapies

Answer 1

are based on a common core of therapeutic principles

Question 2

medical therapies

Answer 2

treat the physical causes of psychological disorders

Question 3

Stone Ages

Answer 3

-spirits, demons, witchcraft & magic
-fear & superstition
-therapy was to bore holes into a person’s head to relieve pressure or to release the evil inside

Question 4

Middle Ages

Answer 4

-still obsessed with demon possession and wizard curses
-therapy was designed to make the body an inhospitable place for the demons by inflicting severe pain
-kind way: exorcism/ unkind way: torture

Question 5

1700s

Answer 5

-mental asylums to put them all together
-chained to walls & barely cared for
-some asylums even charged an admissions fee to see the “crazy people”
-term “mental ill” arose
-start of humane treatment

Question 6

psychotherapy

Answer 6

bring about positive changes in personality, behavior, or personal adjustment

Question 7

core features of therapy

Answer 7

-therapeutic alliance: working together towards a common goal
-protected setting
-explanation of symptoms and why they exist
-new perspective and new behaviors

Question 8

individual vs. group

Answer 8

individual: one-on-one
group: with similar people and more cost effective

Question 9

insight vs. action

Answer 9

insight:lightbulb moment, understanding
action: changing behavior

Question 10

directive vs. non directive

Answer 10

directive: you conduct it, you take lead
non directive: they take the lead “what do you think would be the best one”

Question 11

open-ended vs. time-limited

Answer 11

open-ended: no time limit; years & years
time-limited: insurance says you have 20 sessions

Question 12

face-to-face vs. distant

Answer 12

face-to-face: in person
distant: online

Question 13

social roles

Answer 13

a pattern of behavior expected of a person in a social position

Question 14

ascribed social role

Answer 14

a role assigned to a person that is not under personal control

Question 15

achieved social role

Answer 15

a role voluntarily attained by a special effort

Question 16

social comparison

Answer 16

comparing your own actions, feelings, opinions or abilities to those of others

Question 17

downward comparison

Answer 17

comparing yourself to someone who is in a worse social position

Question 18

upward comparison

Answer 18

comparing yourself to someone who is in a better social position than you

Question 19

attribution

Answer 19

an attempt to explain the origin of a particular behavior

Question 20

internal attributions

Answer 20

actions attributed to internal causes such as personality traits

Question 21

external attributions

Answer 21

actions attributed to external causes that lie outside a person

Question 22

fundamental attribution error

Answer 22

overestimating the importance of internal factors and disregarding the influence of situational factors

Question 23

self-serving bias

Answer 23

attributing others behaviors to internal factors but ones own actions to external

Question 24

groupthink

Answer 24

-we tend to conform in groups more than we would alone
-group dynamics are powerful influences on human behavior

Question 25

cult

Answer 25

a movement or group that follows a set of beliefs that others find strange or fail to understand, and it praises their leader as a godlike figure

Question 26

3 characteristics common to many cults

Answer 26

1. charismatic leader who often claims to be of a city, to have some connection to deity, or to be a godlike figure
2. radical teaching
3. requires total submission to the leader

Question 27

prosocial behavior

Answer 27

any behavior that has a positive impact on other people