Psychology (Done) Flashcards
By what month do infants have 20/20 visual acuity w/ pattern VEP testing?
6 months of age
Teller acuity cards are used for FCPL and can be used in infants up to what age?
up to 12 months of age
Besides Teller acuity cards, Cardiff cards and broken wheel cards can be used for infants up to ____ months of age
18 months of age
Infants have asymmetric OKN until _____ months of age due to incomplete development of cortex
3-5 months of age
In which direction will the OKN be normal? where will lit be abnormal?
Temporal to nasal OKN will be normal, while abnormal is nasal to temporal
At what age do children reach adult levels for Vernier acuity?
6-8 years
Recognition acuity does not develop until approximately ____ years of age.
2-3 years of age
What are some examples of acuity charts for toddlers and pre-schoolers?
Allen pictures, HOTV chart, lea symbols, Landolt C chart, Tumbling E chart
What are 3 anatomical reasons for visual acuity being poor in infants until 3-5 years of age?
- Foveal cone photoreceptors are shorter and wider in infants compared to adults (length & density doesn’t reach adult levels until 4 years old
- Myelination of the visual pathways is incomplete»not complete until 2 yrs of age
- Visual cortex is not fully developed»development extends well into children
Infants will NOT have a bright foveal reflex until about _____ months of age.
15 months of age
What is the average axial length for full-term newborns?
What is the averaged refractive error?
16 mm, +2.00D (+/-0.75)
Astigmatism is present in ___% of newborn infants, with an average of ___D of ___ astigmatism at 6 months of age
50%, 2.00D, ATR
At what age does contrast sensitivity reach adult levels?
7-9 years old
The critical flicker frequency of infants reaches adult levels by what age?
3 months of age
What is considered to be the critical period of visual development?
birth to 7-9 years
