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Kevin's KMK Flashcards > Microbiology (Done) > Flashcards

Microbiology (Done) Flashcards

1
Q

Gram (+) bacteria will stain ________ because of the thick, exposed peptidoglycan layer.

A

PURPLE

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2
Q

Gram (-) bacteria will stain _________ b/c the outer membrane prevents dye from staining the peptidoglycan cell wall.

A

RED

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3
Q

Which 4 drugs/drug classes interfere with cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis & death?

A
  1. Bacitracin
  2. Penicillins
  3. Cephalosporins
  4. Vancomycin
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4
Q

What form of reproduction do Bacteria undergo?

A

Binary fission»a form of asexual reproduction

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5
Q

During which phase of bacterial growth are Antibiotics the most effective?

A

LOG phase»cells are growing and dividing at an exponential pace during this peak period of activity

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6
Q

What are Facultative Anaerobes?

A

Bacteria that do not require oxygen for growth, but will grow BETTER in its presence.

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7
Q

Gram (+) _______ can form endospores.

A

RODS

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8
Q

What are 2 examples of spore-forming bacteria?

A
  1. Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

2. Clostridium botulinum

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9
Q

Approximately half of all ocular infections are caused by ___________.

A

Staph aureus

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10
Q

What are the 4 main gram (+) COCCI bacteria?

A
  1. Staph aureus
  2. Staph epidermidis
  3. Staph pyogenes
  4. Staph pneumoniae
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11
Q

What do the Catalase & Coagulase test show on Staph aureus?

A

Catalase (+) and Coagulase (+)

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12
Q

What do the Catalase & Coagulase test show on Staph epidermidis?

A

Catalase (+) and Coagulase (-)

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13
Q

What does the Catalase test show on Staph pneumoniae?

A

Catalase (-)

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14
Q

What do the Catalase & Coagulase test show on Staph aureus?

A

Catalase (-) and Coagulase (+)

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15
Q

Which bacteria is responsible for Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of Post-operative Endophthalmitis?

A

Staph epidermidis

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17
Q

What is responsible for pediatric bacterial conjunctivitis & corneal ulcers?

A

Strep pneumoniae

18
Q

What is the main test that should be done in order to differentiate Staph and Strep bacteria?

A

The Catalase test differentiates

|&raquo_space;Staph are catalase (+) and Strep are catalase (-)

19
Q

How do you differentiate Staph aureus from other forms of Staph?

A

Staph aureus is Coagulase (+), and ALL OTHER FORMS OF STAPH are coagulase (-)

20
Q

What are the 3 main Gram (+) RODS?

A
  1. Bacillus anthracis (spore-forming)
  2. Clostridium
  3. Corynebacterium diptheriae (can penetrate an intact corneal epithelium!)
21
Q

What are the 2 main Gram (-) RODS?

A
  1. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

2. Haemophilus influenzae (culture on chocolate agar)

22
Q

What are the 4 main Gram (-) COCCI?

A
  1. Neisseria gonorrhea (chocolate agar)
  2. Neisseria meningitidis (blood agar)
  3. Moraxella (angluar blepharoconjunctivitis)
  4. Bordatella pertussis (whooping cough)
23
Q

What can E.coli cause?

A

Conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and endophthalmitis

24
Q

What are 2 ocular findings from Syphilis?

A
  1. Argyll-Robertson pupil

2. Interstitial Keratitis

25
Q

Chlamydial Inclusion Conjunctivitis is caused by which serotypes?

A

Serotypes D-K

26
Q

Trachoma Conjunctivitis is caused by which serotypes?

A

Serotypes A-C

27
Q

What is the #1 bacterial STD in the US? what are the ocular manifestations of this bacteria?

A
  1. Chlamydia

2. chronic red eye, large inferior palpebral conj follicles

28
Q

What is the leading cause of Ophthalmia Neonatorum?

A

Chlamydia

29
Q

What is the classic triad of symptoms from Rickettsia?

A
  1. Headache, Fever, and Rash

|&raquo_space;treat with doxycycline

30
Q

Why is myoplasma resistant to Penicillin?

A

> > Because this particular bacterium has NO cell wall, so Penicillin will do nothing since it targets cell walls

31
Q

What is the most common cause of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

32
Q

What are the serotypes responsible for EKC?

A

Serotypes 8, 19, and 37

33
Q

What is the difference between Herpes Simplex type 1 and type 2?

A
  1. Type 1 primarily ORAL (main cause of EKC)

2. Type 2 primarily GENITAL (sexually transmitted)

34
Q

What is the most common ocular infection AND the leading cause of blindness in AIDS?

A

Cytomegalovirus

35
Q

Cytomegalovirus is prevalent in AIDS patients with CD4 counts of _____.

A

CD4 counts of less than 50!

36
Q

What condition can PoxVirus be responsible for?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

|&raquo_space;Multiple nodules should raise suspicion for HIV!

37
Q

Treatment of Candida albicans (yeast infection) includes which 3 anti-fungals?

A
  1. Ketoconazole, Mycostatin, and Fluconazole
38
Q

What is the Clinical Triad for Histoplasmosis?

A
  1. Peripapillary atrophy of optic nerve
  2. Punched out peripheral lesions
  3. Maculopathy
39
Q

What is the most common cause of Fungal Corneal ulcers?

A

Candida Albicans

40
Q

LICE (Pediculosis Capitis) can cause ______________, with symptoms of itching and burning.

A

Chronic follicular conjunctivitis

41
Q

Toxoplasmosis infections start in the _______ and can spread to the _________.

Histoplasmosis infections start in the _______ and can spread to the _________.

A
  1. Retina, choroid

2. Choroid, Retina

42
Q

How do the signs compare to the symptoms if a patient has Acanthamoeba?

A

Symptoms OUTWEIGH the clinical signs

|&raquo_space;pt. in severe pain, but when you look w/ slit lamp, you see a tiny dot (ulcer).

Kevin's KMK Flashcards (13 decks)

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