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Psychology > Psychology Ch.13-15 > Flashcards

Psychology Ch.13-15 Flashcards

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1
Q

A person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

A

Personality

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2
Q

View personality as an interaction I between conscious and unconscious mind, stressing the importance of MOTIVES and CONFLICT

A

Psychodynamic Theory

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3
Q

Protective method of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

A

Defense mechanisms

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4
Q

Banishment of anxiety provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories

A

Repression

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5
Q

Attributing one’s own impulses to someone else

A

Projection

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6
Q

Unacceptable emotions are set apart from conscious awareness

A

Isolation

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7
Q

Justifying unacceptable behaviors

A

Rationalization

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8
Q

Shifting an emotion to a more acceptable object or person

A

Displacement

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9
Q

Returning to an earlier stage of maturity

A

Regression

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10
Q

Carrying on as if no mistake occurred

A

Undoing

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11
Q

Attempt to make up for deficiencies

A

Compensation

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12
Q

Ignore the existence of painful realities

A

Denial

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13
Q

Modeling values and beliefs of another to the extreme/no self identity

A

Identification

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14
Q

A personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli to assess unconscious conflicts and inter feelings (LACKS validity and reliability)

A

Projective Test

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15
Q

A Test through which people express inner feeling through stories the make up about an ambiguous scene

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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16
Q

People explain what they see in a series of symmetrical ink blots

A

Rorschach Ink Blot Test

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17
Q

View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

A

Humanistic Theory

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18
Q

Who said we are motivated by a HIERARCHY of needs?

A

Abraham Maslow

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19
Q

Individual growth is promoted by a climate with three conditions: genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

A

Carl Rogers’s Client Centered Perspective

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20
Q

Personality is defined in terms of stable and enduring behavior patterns

A

Trait Theory

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21
Q

A characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act, as assessed by others of self-report inventories

A

Trait

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22
Q

Longer Questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors (HIGH reliability and validity)

A

Personality Inventories

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23
Q

MMPI

A

Minnesota Multi-Phase Personality Inventory

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24
Q

The Big 5 Factors (Personality Traits)- Most Stable in Adulthood

A

Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion

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25
Q

Views Personality and behavior as influences by the interaction of traits (including thinking) and social context

A

Social Cognitive Theory

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26
Q

Person who view the person-environment interaction as reciprocal determinism

A

Albert Bandura

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27
Q

The interacting influences of behavior, internal personal factors, and environment.

A

Reciprocal Determinism

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28
Q

A syndrome (group of symptoms) marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behaviors- which are dysfunctional or maladaptive, interfering with day-to-day life

A

Psychological Disorders

29
Q

Widely used tool to classify and diagnose psychological disorders

A

DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

30
Q

Extreme in attention and/or hyper activity, and impulsivity, and interferes with functioning and development

A

ADHD- Attention-deficient/Hyperactivity Disorder

31
Q

ADHD Treatment

A

Ritalin, Adderall (Stimulants)

32
Q

Distressing, persistent anxiety, and often dysfunctional anxiety-reducing behaviors

A

Anxiety Disorders

33
Q

Continuous state of tension and worry, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

34
Q

Unpredictable episodes of intense dread and terror. Experiences chest pain, shortness of breath, anxiety, and/or choking. Often followed by worry of having another attack.

A

Panic Disorder

35
Q

Persistent avoidance of social situations due to an intense fear of being negatively evaluated by others

A

Social Anxiety Disorder

36
Q

Unwanted repetitive thoughts (Obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both.

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

37
Q

As Obsessive thoughts _________ anxiety, compulsions __________ anxiety.

A

Increase; Decrease

38
Q

Disorder where symptoms must be present for at least a two week period.

A

Major Depression Disorder

39
Q

A person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

A

Bipolar Disorder

40
Q

Hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

A

Mania

41
Q

How do depressed people see the world?

A

Negatively

42
Q

People with depression may also have problems with _________ and __________.

A

Anxiety and Substance Abuse

43
Q

Compulsive Fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes.

A

Rumination

44
Q

When an individual continually faces a negative, uncontrollable situation and stops trying to change their circumstances, even when they have the ability to do so.

A

Learned Helplessness

45
Q

Delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (perceptions in the absence of external stimuli), disorganized speech, and/or inappropriate emotional expression.

A

Schizophrenia

46
Q

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

PRESENCE of inappropriate thoughts or behavior such as hallucinations or delusions.

47
Q

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

The ABSENCE of appropriate behaviors such as speech, pleasure, expressed emotion, and persistence.

48
Q

Four A’s of Negative Schizophrenia Symptoms

A

Avolition (apathy), Agolia (relative absence of speech), Anhedonia (lack of pleasure), Affective flattening (little expressed emotion.)

49
Q

Treatment involving psychological techniques; consisting of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

A

Psychotherapy

50
Q

Using a variety of techniques from several forms of therapy to treat clients.

A

Eclectic Approach

51
Q

Therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. This is non-directive therapy.

A

Client (Person) Centered Therepy (Carl Rogers)

52
Q

Therapist attempts to accept and understand the client, giving non-judge mental grace, making the client feel valued and whole.

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

53
Q

Emphasizes the boosting of people’s self-fulfillment by trying to help them grow in self awareness and self-acceptance.

A

Humanistic Perspective (Therapy)

54
Q

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

A

Behavior Therapy

55
Q

A type of exposure therapy/counterconditioning, often used to treat phobias, that associate a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli

A

Systematic Desensitization

56
Q

Using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior

A

Behavior Modification

57
Q

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token/reward of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange their tokens for various privileges.

A

Token Economy

58
Q

Teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

A

Cognitive Therapy (Aaron Beck)

59
Q

Changing people’s thinking can change their functioning. Reversing negative thoughts by replacing them with positive thoughts.

A

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy for Depression

60
Q

The MOST EFFICACIOUS and widely used therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy

A

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (Albert Ellis)

61
Q

Therapy conducted with groups of people rather than individuals, allowing therapeutic benefits from group interaction by enabling people to see that others have similar problems to their own.

A

Group Therapy

62
Q

Benefits to Group Therapy

A

Saves therapists time and clients time, offers a social laboratory to explore and develop social skills, enables people to see they’re not alone, provides feedback as new skills and behaviors are practiced.

63
Q

The study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior

A

Psychopharmacology

64
Q

True or False? Medicine is necessary and beneficial for some people, there is no shame in it.

A

True

65
Q

(The Big Five Factors) Conscientiousness deals with what?

A

Being careless and disorganized to being careful and organized.

66
Q

(The Big Five Factors) Agreeableness deals with what?

A

Being suspicious and uncooperative to being trusting and cooperative.

67
Q

(The Big Five Factors) Neuroticism deals with what?

A

Emotional stability and calmness, to being emotionally unstable and anxious.

68
Q

(The Big Five Factors) Openness deals with what?

A

Preferring routine and practicality to being imaginative and preferring variability.

69
Q

(The Big Five Factors) Extraversion deals with what?

A

Being sober and reserved to being sociable and fun-loving.

Psychology (6 decks)

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