Psychology Ch.10-12 Flashcards
1
Q
The need of desire that energizes behavior
A
Motivation
2
Q
Complex behavior that is unlearned with a fixed pattern
A
instinct
3
Q
Aroused state coming from an underlying need
A
Drive
4
Q
When a psychological need increase, so does out psychological drive to reduce it.
A
drive reduction theory
5
Q
balanced, constant internal state
A
homeostasis
6
Q
positive/negative stimulus that motivates behavior
A
incentive
7
Q
focuses on finding the right level of stimulation
A
arousal theory
8
Q
motivated by a drive to master emotion of action (risk/thrill seeking)
A
sensation seekers
9
Q
passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
A
grit
10
Q
performance increases with arousal to a point, beyond which performance decreases
A
Yerkes-Dodson Law
11
Q
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
A
Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization, Self-Transcendence.
12
Q
Physiological (Maslow)
A
food/drink, rest
13
Q
Safety (Maslow)
A
Security
14
Q
Love/Belonging (Maslow)
A
friends, lasting relationships
15
Q
Esteem (Maslow)
A
sense of accomplishment
16
Q
Self-Actualization
A
reaching your full potential
17
Q
Self-Transcendence
A
finding a sense of meaning
18
Q
a central human motivation to form close human relationships
A
belonging
19
Q
the need to build relationships and feel part of a group
A
affiliation need
20
Q
deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
A
ostracism
21
Q
When one experiences ostracism, the brain experiences…
A
physical pain
22
Q
Social ties dissolve because of:
A
Unfaithfulness, lack of communication, and misdeed
23
Q
What are positive aspects of social media?
A
Supportive connections, provide information
24
Q
What are negative aspects of social media?
A
Interfere with needs, comparison, FOMO, promotes narcissism, etc.
25
A desire for significant accomplishment, attaining a high standard
achievement motivation
26
behavior performed for mere satisfaction (internally driven)
intrinsic motivation
27
behavior performed for rewards of to avoid punishment (externally driven)
extrinsic motivation
28
Characteristics of high achievers
persistent, eager, motivation, self-disciplined
29
Characteristics of those with little need to achieve much
passive, lazy, unmotivated, undisciplined
30
blood sugar that provides energy for the body
glucose
31
hormone secreted by the pancreas that influences apetite
insulin
32
hormone secreted by the pancreas the influences appetite
insulin
33
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
basal metabolic rate
34
structure in the brain monitoring internal body state
hypothalamus
35
point at which your "weight thermostat" is set - stable weight. (5-8 lb. range of weight)
set point
36
High glucose + low insulin=
HUNGER
37
Situational influences of eating
arousal appetite, friends/food, significant serving size, variety of choices, nudging nutrition
38
BMI of 30 or more
obesity
39
person is significantly underweight yet feels fat, starving oneself to dangerously low levels
anorexia
40
repeated binge/purge episodes by overeating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives
bullimia
41
Emotions are a mixture of:
Physiology, Expression, and conscious experience
42
System that deals with arousal, fight or flight, and increased alertness and heart rate. (Tend/befriend in women)
Sympathetic Nervous System
43
System that deals with calming effect, increased digestion and decreased heart rate. (rest/digest)
Parasympathetic Nervous System
44
Theory that we feel emotion AFTER the body's respose
James-Long
45
Theory that we feel emotion WHEN our bodies react
Cannon-Bard
46
Theory that one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
Schachter-Singer
47
What helps decipher emotions?
Body language, facial expressions, tone of voice.
48
5 Characteristics of a good listener
S- Sit quietly
O- Open stance
L- Lean in
E- Eye Contact
R- Remain Relaxed
49
Fear can be a poisonous emotion that:
Preoccupies thoughts, robs of sleep, and torments
50
A short madness that carries the mind away and can be many times more hurtful than the injury that caused it
Anger
51
Anger can come when a friend's misdeed seems
Willful, unjustified, and avoidable
52
Chronic anger (or) depression ___________ the risk of heart diseases
increases
53
Perceives the world as safe, makes decisions easily, and has greater satisfaction with one's life
A Happy Person
54
Perceives the world as a mess, little decisions become big decisions, one's whole life can seem depressing.
A Gloomy Person
55
Process by which we appraise and respond to threatening or challenging events
stress
56
things that push our buttons- a challenge or event
stressors
57
physical and emotional responses to stress
Sress reaction
58
a psychological filter through which we perceive events in life
stress appraisal
59
Three types of stressors:
Catastrophes, life transitions, daily annoyances
60
Responses to stress:
Fight or Flight, Rest and Digest, Tend and Befriend
61
Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Has three phases:
1. Alarm Reaction- mobilizes resources
2. Resistance- coping with stressor
3. Exhaustion- reserves depleted
62
The study of how psychological, neurological, and endocrine processes work together to affect the immune system
Psychoneuroimmunology
63
the scientific study of how individuals think about, influence, and relate to one another
social psychology
64
mental process people use to explain their behavior or the behavior of others
attribution
65
explaining one's behavior attributing it to internal dispositions or external situations
attribution theory
66
when analyzing other's behaviors, the tendency to overestimate their personality traits and underestimate the impact of the situation.
fundamental attribution error
67
beliefs and feelings that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events and guide our behavior
attitudes
68
tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
foot in the door phenomenon
69
rules for socially accepted and expected behavior
social norms
70
adjusting our behavior of thinking to coincide with a group or standard
conformity
71
unconsciously imitating other's expressions, postures, and voice tones.
chameleon effect
72
tendency to absorb and participate in the prevailing mood of the people around
mood linkage
73
improved performance on simple and well-learned tasks in the presence of others
social facilitation
74
tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards a common goal than when individually accountable
social loafing
75
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint when in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
de-individualization
76
strengthening a group's preexisting attitudes through discussions within the group
group-polarization
77
occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
group think
78
an unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude towards a group and its members
prejudice
79
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
agression
80
tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the emergency is being observed by several people
bystander effect
81
the interest in and liking of one individual by another, or the mutual interest and liking between two or more individuals
attraction
82
the sense that one is competent
self-efficiency
83
tendency to attribute positive events to their own character but attribute negative events to external factors
self-serving bias
84
forgetting me and my accomplishments and seeing the good in others
true humility
85
downplays praiseworthy achievements, but does so in a way that actually seeks praise
false modesty
86
a strategy of creating obstacles to one's performance so that the future anticipated failure can be blamed on the obstacle rather than the lack of one's own ability
self-handicapping
87
to win someone over to a course of action by reasoning or convincing
persuasion
