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Psychology > Psychology Ch.10-12 > Flashcards

Psychology Ch.10-12 Flashcards

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1
Q

The need of desire that energizes behavior

A

Motivation

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2
Q

Complex behavior that is unlearned with a fixed pattern

A

instinct

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3
Q

Aroused state coming from an underlying need

A

Drive

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4
Q

When a psychological need increase, so does out psychological drive to reduce it.

A

drive reduction theory

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5
Q

balanced, constant internal state

A

homeostasis

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6
Q

positive/negative stimulus that motivates behavior

A

incentive

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7
Q

focuses on finding the right level of stimulation

A

arousal theory

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8
Q

motivated by a drive to master emotion of action (risk/thrill seeking)

A

sensation seekers

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9
Q

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

A

grit

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10
Q

performance increases with arousal to a point, beyond which performance decreases

A

Yerkes-Dodson Law

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11
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization, Self-Transcendence.

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12
Q

Physiological (Maslow)

A

food/drink, rest

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13
Q

Safety (Maslow)

A

Security

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14
Q

Love/Belonging (Maslow)

A

friends, lasting relationships

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15
Q

Esteem (Maslow)

A

sense of accomplishment

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16
Q

Self-Actualization

A

reaching your full potential

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17
Q

Self-Transcendence

A

finding a sense of meaning

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18
Q

a central human motivation to form close human relationships

A

belonging

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19
Q

the need to build relationships and feel part of a group

A

affiliation need

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20
Q

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

A

ostracism

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21
Q

When one experiences ostracism, the brain experiences…

A

physical pain

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22
Q

Social ties dissolve because of:

A

Unfaithfulness, lack of communication, and misdeed

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23
Q

What are positive aspects of social media?

A

Supportive connections, provide information

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24
Q

What are negative aspects of social media?

A

Interfere with needs, comparison, FOMO, promotes narcissism, etc.

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25
Q

A desire for significant accomplishment, attaining a high standard

A

achievement motivation

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26
Q

behavior performed for mere satisfaction (internally driven)

A

intrinsic motivation

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27
Q

behavior performed for rewards of to avoid punishment (externally driven)

A

extrinsic motivation

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28
Q

Characteristics of high achievers

A

persistent, eager, motivation, self-disciplined

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29
Q

Characteristics of those with little need to achieve much

A

passive, lazy, unmotivated, undisciplined

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30
Q

blood sugar that provides energy for the body

A

glucose

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31
Q

hormone secreted by the pancreas that influences apetite

A

insulin

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32
Q

hormone secreted by the pancreas the influences appetite

A

insulin

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33
Q

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

A

basal metabolic rate

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34
Q

structure in the brain monitoring internal body state

A

hypothalamus

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35
Q

point at which your “weight thermostat” is set - stable weight. (5-8 lb. range of weight)

A

set point

36
Q

High glucose + low insulin=

A

HUNGER

37
Q

Situational influences of eating

A

arousal appetite, friends/food, significant serving size, variety of choices, nudging nutrition

38
Q

BMI of 30 or more

A

obesity

39
Q

person is significantly underweight yet feels fat, starving oneself to dangerously low levels

A

anorexia

40
Q

repeated binge/purge episodes by overeating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives

A

bullimia

41
Q

Emotions are a mixture of:

A

Physiology, Expression, and conscious experience

42
Q

System that deals with arousal, fight or flight, and increased alertness and heart rate. (Tend/befriend in women)

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

43
Q

System that deals with calming effect, increased digestion and decreased heart rate. (rest/digest)

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

44
Q

Theory that we feel emotion AFTER the body’s respose

A

James-Long

45
Q

Theory that we feel emotion WHEN our bodies react

A

Cannon-Bard

46
Q

Theory that one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

A

Schachter-Singer

47
Q

What helps decipher emotions?

A

Body language, facial expressions, tone of voice.

48
Q

5 Characteristics of a good listener

A

S- Sit quietly
O- Open stance
L- Lean in
E- Eye Contact
R- Remain Relaxed

49
Q

Fear can be a poisonous emotion that:

A

Preoccupies thoughts, robs of sleep, and torments

50
Q

A short madness that carries the mind away and can be many times more hurtful than the injury that caused it

A

Anger

51
Q

Anger can come when a friend’s misdeed seems

A

Willful, unjustified, and avoidable

52
Q

Chronic anger (or) depression ___________ the risk of heart diseases

A

increases

53
Q

Perceives the world as safe, makes decisions easily, and has greater satisfaction with one’s life

A

A Happy Person

54
Q

Perceives the world as a mess, little decisions become big decisions, one’s whole life can seem depressing.

A

A Gloomy Person

55
Q

Process by which we appraise and respond to threatening or challenging events

A

stress

56
Q

things that push our buttons- a challenge or event

A

stressors

57
Q

physical and emotional responses to stress

A

Sress reaction

58
Q

a psychological filter through which we perceive events in life

A

stress appraisal

59
Q

Three types of stressors:

A

Catastrophes, life transitions, daily annoyances

60
Q

Responses to stress:

A

Fight or Flight, Rest and Digest, Tend and Befriend

61
Q

Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

Has three phases:
1. Alarm Reaction- mobilizes resources
2. Resistance- coping with stressor
3. Exhaustion- reserves depleted

62
Q

The study of how psychological, neurological, and endocrine processes work together to affect the immune system

A

Psychoneuroimmunology

63
Q

the scientific study of how individuals think about, influence, and relate to one another

A

social psychology

64
Q

mental process people use to explain their behavior or the behavior of others

A

attribution

65
Q

explaining one’s behavior attributing it to internal dispositions or external situations

A

attribution theory

66
Q

when analyzing other’s behaviors, the tendency to overestimate their personality traits and underestimate the impact of the situation.

A

fundamental attribution error

67
Q

beliefs and feelings that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events and guide our behavior

A

attitudes

68
Q

tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

A

foot in the door phenomenon

69
Q

rules for socially accepted and expected behavior

A

social norms

70
Q

adjusting our behavior of thinking to coincide with a group or standard

A

conformity

71
Q

unconsciously imitating other’s expressions, postures, and voice tones.

A

chameleon effect

72
Q

tendency to absorb and participate in the prevailing mood of the people around

A

mood linkage

73
Q

improved performance on simple and well-learned tasks in the presence of others

A

social facilitation

74
Q

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards a common goal than when individually accountable

A

social loafing

75
Q

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint when in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

A

de-individualization

76
Q

strengthening a group’s preexisting attitudes through discussions within the group

A

group-polarization

77
Q

occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

A

group think

78
Q

an unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude towards a group and its members

A

prejudice

79
Q

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

A

agression

80
Q

tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the emergency is being observed by several people

A

bystander effect

81
Q

the interest in and liking of one individual by another, or the mutual interest and liking between two or more individuals

A

attraction

82
Q

the sense that one is competent

A

self-efficiency

83
Q

tendency to attribute positive events to their own character but attribute negative events to external factors

A

self-serving bias

84
Q

forgetting me and my accomplishments and seeing the good in others

A

true humility

85
Q

downplays praiseworthy achievements, but does so in a way that actually seeks praise

A

false modesty

86
Q

a strategy of creating obstacles to one’s performance so that the future anticipated failure can be blamed on the obstacle rather than the lack of one’s own ability

A

self-handicapping

87
Q

to win someone over to a course of action by reasoning or convincing

A

persuasion

Psychology (6 decks)

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