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Psychology > Psychology Ch. 1-2 > Flashcards

Psychology Ch. 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Founded the 1st Psychology lab (1879). A German Physiologist and Philosopher.

A

Wilhelm Wund

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2
Q

Pioneered the Study of Learning. A Russian Physiologist.

A

Ivan Pavlov

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3
Q

Personality Theorist, proponent of the Psychodynamic Theories. An Austrian Physician.

A

Sigmund Freud

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4
Q

Influential observer of child behavior. A Swiss Biologist.

A

Jean Piaget

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5
Q

Published the first psychology textbook, “Principles of Psychology”. An American Philosopher.

A

William James

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6
Q

The science of behavior and mental processes.

A

Psychology

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7
Q

Relative contribution of GENES and EXPERIENCE to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

A

Nature vs. Nurture

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8
Q

How the body and brain work to create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

A

Neuroscience

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9
Q

How behavior springs from unconscious drives. (Freud)

A

Psychodynamic

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10
Q

How observable responses are acquired and changed.

A

Behavioral

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11
Q

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

A

Cognitive

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12
Q

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

A

Social-cultural

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13
Q

What are the traits of a scientific attitude?

A

Curiosity, Open minded skepticism, and humility.

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14
Q

A type of thinking that examines assumptions, appraises source, evaluates evidence, discern biases, and assesses conclusions.

A

Critical Thinking

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15
Q

Looking inward and noting immediate sensations and feelings, etc.

A

Introspection

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16
Q

Observes and describes behavior. Ex: Case Study, Survey, naturalistic observation.

A

Descriptive Research

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17
Q

measuring two variables and finding he statistical relationship between them.

A

Correlational study. (Correlation doesn’t equal causation :) )

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18
Q

Manipulating 1+ variables (IV) to observe the effects on some behavior (DV). Isolates cause and effect.

A

Experimental Research

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19
Q

Pill with no drug in it. Medicine with no actual drug to cure the disease in it.

A

Placebo

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20
Q

Results caused by expectations alone.

A

Placebo Effect

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21
Q

Is it ethical to experiment on animals?

A

Yes, but with ground rules and ethical judgement. 7% of psychology’s studies are done on animals. Of that 7%, 95% of those are mice, rats, rabbits, and birds.

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22
Q

Is it ethical to experiment on humans? If so, what are the rules?

A

Yes, but with rules. Those being the participant needs to give informed consent, be protected from harm/discomfort, be given strict confidentiality, and be debriefed after if they wish.

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23
Q

What does SQ3R stand for?

A

Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review.

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24
Q

What does SQ3R emphasize?

A

It incorporates critical thinking and emphasizes the importance of retrieving information.

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25
Q

(Ill-fated) theory that says that bumps on the skull revealed mental abilities and character traits.

A

Phrenology

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26
Q

Studies the link between biology and behavior.

A

Biological Psychology

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27
Q

Basic building blocks of the nervous system. Consists of cell body, axon, dendrites, myelin sheathes, etc.

A

Neurons

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28
Q

Receives info from sensory receptors, receives the signal.

A

Dendrites

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29
Q

Single fiber that passes info through its terminal branches, sends the signal.

A

Axon

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30
Q

Fatty layer of cells encasing the axon. They insulate the axon and help speed up the neurotransmission.

A

Myelin Sheaths

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31
Q

Result of degeneration of myelin sheaths, resulting in a loss of muscle control.

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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32
Q

Brief electrical charge that travels down the axon.

A

Action potential

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33
Q

Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

A

Threshold

34
Q

Gap between two neurons (sending and receiving)

A

Synapse

35
Q

Chemical messengers

A

neurotransmitters

36
Q

Sends sensory info from tissue and sensory organs INWARD to the brain and spinal cord.

A

Sensory Neurons

37
Q

Works in the spinal cord and brain to INTERVENE between sensory and motor neurons. Helps to process the info.

A

Interneurons

38
Q

Sends instructions OUTWARD from the brain and spinal cord to the body tissue (often muscles.)

A

Motor Neurons

39
Q

The brain’s ability to modify itself after damage.

A

Plasticity

40
Q

What else besides body-made chemicals affect the brain?

A

Drugz

41
Q

A molecule that INCREASES neurotransmitter’s actions.

A

Agonist

42
Q

INHIBITS neurotransmitter activity

A

Antagonist

43
Q

Triggers a positive feeling into the body. Ex: Runner’s high. Has analgesic properties, which diminishes the perception of pain.

A

Endorphins

44
Q

Nervous system made up of Sensory and motor neurons

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

45
Q

Nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

46
Q

Part of the PNS, the nervous system that involuntarily controls the muscles and glands of internal organs.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

47
Q

Part of the PNS, the nervous system that controls skeletal muscles voluntarily.

A

Somatic Nervous System

48
Q

Part of the Autonomic Nervous System, the nervous system that arouses the body to fight, flee, or freeze. In women oxytocin is released to stimulate the tend/befriend response.

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

49
Q

Part of the Autonomic Nervous System that calms the body after a stressful event, AKA the rest/digest response.

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

50
Q

The body’s slow communication system. A set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream.

A

Endocrine System

51
Q

Chemical messengers produced in one tissue through the blood, affecting other tissues.

A

Hormones

52
Q

Located at the top of the Kidneys, releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, (adrenaline and noradrenaline) to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system fight or flight response, providing a surge of energy.

A

Adrenal Glands

53
Q

Master gland of the endocrine system, it is a pea-sized structure in the brain that regulates body growth and development along with releasing oxytocin.

A

Pituitary Gland

54
Q

List the parts of the brain from oldest to youngest

A

Brain stem, limbic system, and cerebral cortex.

55
Q

Part of the brain that begins when the spinal cord enters the skull. Made of the medulla, cerebellum, thalamus, and reticular formation.

A

Brainstem

56
Q

Part of the brainstem that controls heart rate and breathing. Is the crossover point of nerves.

A

Medulla

57
Q

Part of the brainstem that is made of two wrinkled hemispheres and influences nonverbal learning and skill memory. The most obvious function is muscle control.

A

Cerebellum

58
Q

Part of the brainstem that looks like a pair of egg-shaped structures that is considered the brains sensory switchboard. It deals with seeing, hearing, tasting, and touching.

A

Thalamus

59
Q

Part of the brainstem that is inside the brainstem, running from the spinal cord to the thalamus. It controls arousal and attention.

A

Reticular formation

60
Q

Brain system that is at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres. It is linked to emotions and motivation.

A

The Limbic System

61
Q

Part of the limbic system that is 2 almond shaped structures (neural clusters) that influences aggression and fear.

A

Amygdala

62
Q

Part of the limbic system that is just below the thalamus, it is responsible for the performance of bodily maintenance duties like hunger, thirst, temperature, etc.

A

Hypothalamus

63
Q

Part of the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage.

A

Hippocampus

64
Q

Brain system that covers the cerebrum, has a wrinkled appearance, and is a 1/8 of an inch thick sheet of nerve cells.

A

Cerebral Cortex

65
Q

Lobe of the cerebral cortex that deals with speaking, making plans, judgement, and muscle movement.

A

Frontal Lobes

66
Q

Lobe of the cerebral cortex that deals with touch and body position.

A

Parietal Lobes

67
Q

Lobe of the cerebral cortex that deal with seeing (opposite eye, opposite side.)

A

Occipital Lobes

68
Q

Lobe of the cerebral cortex that deals with hearing (opposite ear, opposite side.)

A

Temporal Lobes

69
Q

After serious injury and the spinal cord is severed or the brain tissue is destroyed, will the injured neurons regenerate?

A

No

70
Q

Brain Imaging Technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to show brain anatomy.

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

71
Q

Brain Imaging Technique that reveals blood flow and shows brain structure and function.

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

72
Q

Brain Imaging Technique that is a visual display of brain activity using radioactive glucose.

A

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

73
Q

Brain Imaging Technique that measures the electrical activity of the brain

A

EEG

74
Q

A wide and of axon fibers connecting the right and left hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

75
Q

What side of the brain controls the right side of the body and face?

A

The left side of the brain

76
Q

What side of the brain controls the left side of the body and face?

A

The right side of the brain

77
Q

Can a person live after having a hemispherectomy? (Removal of a part of or a whole hemisphere of the brain)

A

Yes

78
Q

Traits of the left side of the brain

A

More logical, verbal, and analytical.

79
Q

Traits of the right side of the brain

A

More creative, imaginative, and delas with more emotional expression.

80
Q

What side of the brain is largely responsible for speech and language?

A

The left side.

Psychology (6 decks)

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