Psychologists

Question 1

Elizabeth Loftus

Answer 1

• Expert on human memory

- researched the malleability of human memory

Question 2

Jean Piaget

Answer 2

• known for his work in child development

PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

1. ) sensorimotor stage (0-2 years)
2. ) preoperational stage (2-7 years)
3. ) concrete operational stage (7-11 years)
4. ) formal operations stage (11+)

Question 3

Howard Gardener

Answer 3

Multiple Intelligences:

1. ) visual-spatial=good at visualizing things (an architect)
2. ) linguistic-verbal=able to use words well especially when writing and speaking (a teacher)
3. ) logical-mathematical=good at reasoning, recognizing patterns, and logically analyzing patterns (a mathematician)
4. ) bodily-kinesthetic=good at body movement (a dancer)
5. ) musical=thinking in patterns, rhythms, and sounds (a composer)
6. ) interpersonal= good at understanding and interacting with other people (a psychologist)
7. ) intrapersonal=good at being aware of their own emotional states, feelings, and motivations (a scientist)
8. ) naturalistic=more in tune with nature, nurturing, explore the environment and learn other species (a gardener or a biologist)

Question 4

B.F. Skinner

Answer 4

Theory of Operant Conditioning- the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be the reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior WILL occur again

Question 5

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 5

Theory of Classical Conditioning- the learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus
- Pavlov’s dogs experiment

Question 6

Albert Bandura

Answer 6

• works centered around social learning theory- stressing observational learning, imitation, and modeling
• Bobo doll study: kids imitating the adults’ actions by being violent towards the doll because they saw the adults do it in a video shown before

Question 7

Alfred Binet

Answer 7

Invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet-Simon test

Question 8

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 8

Theory of stages of moral development:

1. ) preconventional
2. ) conventional
3. ) posyconventional

Question 9

Abraham Maslow

Answer 9

• created Maslow hierarchy of needs
  Each one must be fulfilled to go to the next one to finally reach self-actualization

(Bottom to top) physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Question 10

Albert Ellis

Answer 10

• developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Question 11

Philip Zimbardo

Answer 11

-Stanford prison experiment

(some people were prison guards and some were inmates)

Question 12

Henry Harlow

Answer 12

• maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on monkeys which manifested the importance of caregiving and companionship to social and cognitive development

Question 13

Stanley Milgram

Answer 13

The Milgram Experiment:

• controversial experiment on obedience influenced by the events of the Holocaust
• when given orders by a “higher power” or expert will people stop giving shocks?