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psychiatry > psychological therapies > Flashcards

psychological therapies Flashcards

1
Q

common mental health disorders

A

affective/anxiety disorders
substance misuse disorders
disorders of reaction to psychological stress

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2
Q

affective/anxiety disorders

A

major depressive disorder (MDD)
generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
panic disorder and phobic anxiety disorders
obsessive-compulsive disorder

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3
Q

substance misuse disorders

A

alcohol
tobacco
opioids/benzos/stimulants

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4
Q

disorders of reactions to stress

A

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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5
Q

cognitive behavioural therapy

A

how our thoughts relate to our feelings and behaviour

particularly good for depression, anxiety, phobias, OCD, PTSD

focus on here and now

problem focussed, goal orientated

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6
Q

CBT: how our thoughts affect feelings and behviour

A

event

thoughts - feelings (emotional and physical) - behaviour - thoughts

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7
Q

how long does a course of CBT usuallly last

A

12 weeks

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8
Q

CBT: therapist helps client

A

identify thoughts, feelings and behaviours which are unhelpful

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9
Q

CBT: assessing whether thoughts are unrealistic/unhelpful

thinking errors

A 
automatic negative thoughts
unrealistic beliefs
cognitive distortions
catastrophizing 
black and white/all or nothing 
perfectionism
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10
Q

CBT: homework

A

client engages with homework which challenges the unrealistic or unhelpful thoughts (thinking errors)

graded exposure
response prevention

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11
Q

what is behavioural activation good for

A

depression

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12
Q

behavioural activation

A

focus on avoided activities: guide for activity scheduling

focus on what predicts and maintains an unhelpful response by various reinforcers

client taught to analyse unintended consequences of their way of responding

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13
Q

behavioural activation - avoidance in depression: social withdrawal

A

not answering telephone

avoiding friends

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14
Q

behavioural activation - avoidance in depression: non-social avoidance

A

not taking on challenging tasks
sitting around house
spending excessive time in bed

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15
Q

behavioural activation - avoidance in depression: cognitive avoidance

A

not thinking about relationship problems
not making decisions about future
not taking opportunities
not being serious about work/studies

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16
Q

behavioural activation - avoidance in depression: avoidance by distraction

A

watching rubbish on TV
playing computer games
gambling
comfort-eating

17
Q

behavioural activation - avoidance in depression: emotional avoidance

A

use of alcohol + other substances

18
Q

behavioural activation therapeutic relationship

A

collaborative/empathic/non-judgemental

structured agenda - review progress

small changes - build to long term goals

19
Q

interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

A

treatment for depression/anxiety

time limited 12-16wks

focused on the present

20
Q

IPT: depression often follows a disturbing change in or contingent with significant IP event

A
  • complicated bereavement
  • a dispute
  • role transition
  • an interpersonal deficit (difficulty relating to others)
21
Q

IPT in practice

A

sick role given
construct an ‘interpersonal map’
focus on areas maintaining depressive symptoms

goals

  • reduce depression symptoms
  • improve interpersonal functioning
22
Q

IPT strengths

A
  • A grade evidence for treating depression
  • no formal homework - may be preferable
  • client can continue to practice skills beyond the sessions ending
23
Q

IPT limitations

A

requires degree of ability to reflect - may be difficult for some

where poor social networks - limited interpersonal support

24
Q

motivational interviewing (MI)

A

promotes behaviour change in a wide range of healthcare settings

more effective than advice giving

used when behaviour change is being considered, when patient may be unmotivated or ambivalent to change

25
Q

principles of MI

A

express empathy: understand person’s predicament

avoid argument: if challenging patient’s position they may become defensive

support self-efficacy: patient sets agenda, generates what they might consider changing

26
Q

what is MI good for

A

addictions

27
Q

stages of change

A 
pre-contemplation 
contemplation 
planning 
action 
maintenance
28
Q

stages of change: pre-contemplation

A

do not realise they have a problem
denial

we’re here if you need us

29
Q

stages of change: contemplation

A

think they may have a problem and want to change

can give info, pros and cons

30
Q

stages of change: planning

A

real chance/option for change

can help motivate and guide them and develop into action

31
Q

stages of change: action

A

actually doing something to change behaviour, coping strategies and preventing relapse

32
Q

stages of change: maintenance

A

strategies to maintain change and help if step-backwards

psychiatry (20 decks)

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