organic disorders

Question 1

organic disorder def

Answer 1

mental disorder due to common demonstrable aetiology of cerebral disease, brain injury or other insult leading to cerebral dysfunction

Question 2

1ry vs 2ry organic disorder

Answer 2

1ry: direct effect on brain
2ry: systemic disease that affects brain in addition to other organs

Question 3

common features organic disorders

Answer 3

cognitive: memory, learning, intellect
mood: depressed, anxiety, elevation
psychotic: hallucination, delusion
personality + behavioural disturbance
sensorium: consciousness, attention

Question 4

acute/subacute organic disorders

Answer 4

delirium
organic mood disorder
organic psychotic disorder

Question 5

chronic organic disorder

Answer 5

dementia
amnesic syndrome
organic personality change

Question 6

delirium tremens

Answer 6

complicate acute alcohol withdrawal
impaired memory, hallucinatinos, confusion

Rx benzodiazepines

Question 7

wernicke’s encephalopathy

Answer 7

acute confusional state
ataxia
nystagmus
opthalmoplegia

acute thiamine deficiency

Question 8

korsakoff’s

Answer 8

imapaired anterograde memory
personality changes, apathy, loss initiative
confabulation

Question 9

hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 9

advanced alcohol liver disease, due to build up of toxins

psychomotor retardation, drowsy, confusion

Question 10

alcohol related brain damage

Answer 10

spectrum of alcohol related medical disorders

cog impairment when sober: short term memory, long-term recall, new skill acquisition

Question 11

causes of alcohol related brain damage

Answer 11

neurotoxic effects of alcohol 
head injury 
vitamin deficiencies
cerebrovascular disease
hypoxia
hypoglycaemia

Question 12

alcohol related brain damage signs on imaging

Answer 12

cortical atrophy

ventricular enlargement

Question 13

adults w incapacity: incapable of

Answer 13

acting 
making decisions
communicating decisions
understanding decisions
retain memory of decisions

Question 14

dementia

Answer 14

chronic global cognitive impairment

usually progressive

Question 15

types of dementia

Answer 15

vascular 
alzheimer's
mixed
lewy body 
frontotemporal 

2ry: huntingtons, head injury, parkinsons

Question 16

dementia general features

Answer 16

progressive onset
longterm symptomology
constant cog decline

Question 17

depressive pseudodementia features

Answer 17

rapid onset
short term symptomology
fluctuating cog decline
depressed mood

Question 18

steroid induced psychosis

Answer 18

dosage related to incidence but not to timing, duration or severity
subsequent events not predicted by previous reactions

consider tapering steroids
consider anti-psychotic, mood stabiliser

Question 19

anti-NMDA receprot encephalitis

Answer 19

autoimmune disease that targets NMDA receptors
presents initially w psychiatric symptoms e.g. psychosis

rx w immunotherapy: IV Ig, plasmapharesis, rituximab

Question 20

NMDA receptor

Answer 20

ionotropic glutamate receptor involved in synaptic plasticity and memory function

Question 21

delirium features

Answer 21

impaired consciousness and attention 
global disturbance cognition 
psychomotor disturbance
disturbance sleep wake cycle
emotional disturbance

Question 22

delirium characteristics

Answer 22

rapid onset
diuranally fluctuating
<6mo

Question 23

delirium causes

Answer 23

medications: anticholinergic durgs
drug abuse: cocaine
withdrawal: alcohol
metabolic: hypoglycaemia, uraemia
vitamin def.: thiamine, B12
endocrinopathies
infections
head injury, stroke
SLE