Psychological Therapies Flashcards
What is psychotherapy?
Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
What is an eclectic approach?
Approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
What is a biomedical approach?
Prescribed medications or procedures that directly on the person’s physiology.
What is psychoanalysis?
- Bring patients’ repressed feelings into conscious awareness
- To help patients release energy devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts so they may achieve healthier, less anxious lives
What is resistance stage of psychoanalysis?
Blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material.
What is interpretation stage of psychoanalysis?
Noting supposed dream meaning, resistances and other significant behaviours and events to promote insight.
What is transference stage of psychoanalysis?
Patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
What is psychodynamic therapy?
- Help people understand current symptoms;
- Explore and gain perspective on defended-against thoughts and feelings
What is interpersonal therapy?
Brief 12- to 16-session form of psychodynamic therapy that has been effective in treating depression.
What is the theme of humanistic therapies?
-Emphasis on people’s potential for self-
fulfilment; to give people new insights
-Reduce inner conflicts that interfere with natural development and growth
-Helps clients grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance promoting personal growth
What is person centered therapy?
- Focuses on person’s conscious self- perceptions;
- People possess resources for growth
- Foster growth by exhibiting genuineness, acceptance, empathy
What is active listening?
Emphatic listening which listener echoes, restates and clarifies
What is unconditional positive regard?
Caring, accepting, non judgemental attitude, believed would help clients develop self awareness + self acceptance.
What are behaviour therapies?
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviour
What is counterconditioning?
Uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviours.
What is systematic desensitisation?
Associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli.
What is aversion therapy?
Associates noxious state with previously craving-triggering stimuli.
What are exposure therapies?
Treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.
What is virtual reality exposure therapy?
Treats anxiety by creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears.
What is the goal of aversive conditioning?
- Substituting negative response for a positive response to a harmful stimulus.
- Conditioning an aversion to something the person should avoid.
What are other examples of behaviour therapies?
- Operant conditioning therapy
- Behaviour modification
- Token economy
What is operant conditioning therapy?
Consequences drive behaviour: voluntary behaviours are strongly influenced by their consequences
What is behaviour modification?
Desired behaviour reinforced; undesired behaviour not reinforced, sometimes punished.
What is token economy?
People earn a token for exhibiting a desired behaviour and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats.
What is cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)?
- Integrative therapy combining cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behaviour therapy (changing behaviour)
- Helps people discover new, more adaptive ways of thinking
- Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
What is group therapy?
Conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.
What is family therapy?
- Attempts to open up communication within the family and help family members to discover and use conflict resolution strategies
- Treats the family as a system
- Helps family members understand how their ways of relating to one another create problems
What is evidence based practice?
Integration of best available research with clinicians’ expertise and patients’ characteristics, preferences, and circumstances.
What are the 3 basic benefits of psychotherapy?
- Hope for demoralised people
- New perspective for oneself and the world
- Empathic, trusting, caring relationship (therapeutic alliance)
What is a therapeutic alliance?
A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome client’s problem
What is psychopharmacology?
Study the effect of drugs on the mind and behaviour.
What are antipsychotic drugs?
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
What are antidepressant drugs?
Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive, post-traumatic stress disorder.
What are anti-anxiety drugs?
Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.
What is electro-convulsion therapy?
A biomedical therapy for severity depressed patients in which a brief electrical current is sent through the brain of the patient.
What are alternative neuro stimulation therapies?
- Vagus nerve stimulation
- Deep brain stimulation
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
What is psychosurgery?
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behaviours
What is lobotomy?
Psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients.
