Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied Psychology > Childhood Development > Flashcards

Childhood Development Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition for growth?

A
  • Changes that can be measured and compared to norms

- Involves physical changes, increasing in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition for development?

A
  • Progressive/continuous process of change
  • Leading to a state of organised and specialised functional capacity
  • Orderly processes occurring through life cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the domains of human development?

A

1) Biological
2) Cognitive
3) Psychosocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the biological domain

A
  • Based on genetics and physiological factors (ie. age, race, gender)
  • Changes in size, shape, characteristics of human body such as physiological processes in puberty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the cognitive domain

A
  • Ability to learn and experience the world we live in and communicate with others
  • Changes in thinking, problem solving, memory and learning, language and other intellectual skills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the psychosocial domain

A

Comprises of intra and interpersonal relationships of an individual with others which includes family, peers, love relationships, co workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the core themes in psychological understanding?

A
  • Nature vs Nurture (Biology and Culture)
  • Continuity and Changes in stages
  • Stability and Change (lifelong development)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the biology and culture theme

A
  • Psychological develop happens in a physical body located socially in a cultural context, affects outcomes
  • Cognitive development influenced by sociocultural context
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the continuity and change theme

A
  • Nothing in permanent: inevitable change in patterns of development over lifespan
  • Continuity/change life goals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is knowledge of grow and development at each age important?

A
  • Age gives us insights about person’s patterns of psychological functioning
  • Physical changes throughout lifespan universal/identical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe prenatal physical development

A

1) Zygote (fertilised egg)
2) Embryo (2 weeks to 2 months)
3) Foetus (2 months to birth)
- Genetic and environmental factors affect development (teratogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are teratogens?

A
  • Any substance or environmental factor might cause birth defects
  • ie. alcohol, smoking, stress, radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe newborn physical development

A
  • Arrive with several reflexes which equip them for survival
  • Inborn, don’t have to be learned
  • Networks in the brain begin to develop rapidly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is maturation?

A

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behaviour, not influenced by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is cognition?

A

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe Piaget’s cognitive theory

A
  • Brain builds schema: a concept/framework to organise and interpret information
  • Adjust schemes to incorporate new information
    1) Sensorimotor Stage
    2) Pre operational stage
    3) Concrete operational stage
    4) Formal operational stage
17
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A
  • Take in world through senses/actions
  • Coordinate sensory input with motor actions
  • Lack object permanence
  • No symbolic/representational thought
18
Q

What is pre operational stage?

A
  • Use language, doesn’t comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
  • Ego-centrism, animism
  • Reasoning based on what things “seem like” from personal experience
  • No principle of conversation
19
Q

What is concrete operational stage?

A
  • Gain operations allowing logical thought about concrete events
  • Understand conservation
20
Q

What is formal operational stage?

A
  • Begin thinking logically about abstract concepts
  • Symbols, work with imagined realities
  • Systematic reasoning
  • Understand freedom, think about moral values
21
Q

Describe social development for children aged birth to 6 months

A
  • Enjoys being talked to and played with
  • Imitate facial expressions and movements
  • Preference for some people
22
Q

Describe social development for children aged 6 to 12 months

A
  • Understand behaviour and bring attention to it
  • Ability to point at 9 months
  • Cooperate with care
23
Q

Describe social development for children aged 12 to 24 months

A
  • Thinks centre of universe
  • Enjoys playing beside another child (parallel play)
  • Aggressive behaviour is more frequent and deliberate
  • Emotional highs and lows, prone to temper tantrums
24
Q

What is attachment?

A

Emotional tie, separation causes anxiety

25
Q

Describe the critical period

A

Optimal period following birth when certain experiences produce proper development

26
Q

Describe imprinting

A

Process by which certain animals form attachments early in life

27
Q

What are the 4 parenting styles?

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Permissive
  • Authoritative
  • Neglectful
28
Q

Describe permissive parents

A
  • Children likely to show certain specific competencies

- Low control, warmth/responsiveness high, loving but few rules

29
Q

Describe neglectful parenting

A
  • Associated with least competent children
  • Low control, warmth/responsiveness high, low parental involvement
  • Few rules, inconsistent enforcement, harsh at times
30
Q

Describe authoritarian parents

A
  • Children tend to do as they supposed to
  • Authority figure retains a means of enforcement
  • High control, low warmth, responsiveness
  • Restrictive, strict rules punitive style
31
Q

Describe authoritative parents

A
  • High overall competence i children who demonstrate high self esteem and achievement
  • High control, high warmth responsiveness
  • Rules are reasonable
  • Child can negotiate rules

Applied Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions