Psychological Disorders Flashcards
What is psychological disorders?
Syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotional regulation or behaviours
What is the medical model?
Concept that diseases (psychological disorders) have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated through hospital treatment
What is epigenetics?
Study of environmental influences on gene expression on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
What is biopsychological approach?
General approach positioning that biological, psychological and social-cultural factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness.
How does poverty influence rate of psychological disorders?
- Poverty is a risk factor
- Conditions and experiences associated with poverty contribute to the developmental psychological disorders
What is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
What are risk factors for increased vulnerability to mental disorders?
-Academic failure
-Birth complications
-Caring for those who are chronically ill or who have a
neuro cognitive disorder
-Child abuse and neglect
-Chronic insomnia
-Chronic pain
What are protective factors for increased vulnerability to mental illness
- Aerobic exercise
- Community offering empowerment, opportunity, and security
- Economic independence
- Effective parenting
What are anxiety disorders?
Marked by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety.
What are generalised anxiety disorder?
Person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
What is panic disorder?
Person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread and often lives in fear of when the next attack might strike.
What are phobias?
Person experiences a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
- Characterised by persistent and repetitive thoughts
(obsessions) , actions (compulsions) - Occurs when obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours interfere with everyday life and cause distress.
What is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Disorder characterised by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
What is major depressive disorder?
- Person experiences two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either
1) Depressed mood or
2) Loss of interest or pleasure.
What is persistent depressive disorder?
Person experiences mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least two years, along with at least two other symptoms.
What is bipolar disorder?
Disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness, lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
What is mania?
Hyperactive, widly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common
Describe the depressed brain
- Brain activity slows during depression
- Left frontal lobe less active
Describe the psychological and social influences: social-cognitive perspective of psychological disorders
- Depressed people view self and world negatively
- Learned helplessness may exist with self-defeating beliefs, self-focused rumination, and self-blaming and pessimistic explanatory style
Describe the social cognitive perspective of psychological disorders
-Explores how people’s assumptions and expectations
influence their perceptions
-Self-defeating beliefs and negative explanatory style contribute to cycle of depression
-Views depression as an ongoing cycle of stressful experiences
What is suicide?
-Higher risk with
diagnosis of depression but may occur with rebound
-Is more likely to occur when people feel disconnected from or burden to others
What is non suicidal self-injury?
Includes cutting, burning, hitting oneself, pulling out hair, inserting objects under nails or skin, self- administered tattooing
What is schizophrenia?
Psychological disorder characterised by delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
What is the symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Disturbed perceptions
- Disorganised thinking and speech
- Diminished and inappropriate emotions and actions
What is chronic schizophrenia?
- Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood
- As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.
What is chronic schizophrenia?
-Form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods
What is psychotic disorders?
Group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, loss of contact with reality
What is delusion?
A false of belief, often of persecution or grandeur that may accompany psychotic disorders
What is dissociative disorder?
Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
What is dissociative identity disorder?
Rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities– formerly called multiple personality disorder
What is personality disorder?
Disruptive, inflexible, and enduring behaviour patterns that impair social functioning. This disorder forms three clusters, characterised by anxiety, eccentric or odd behaviours, and dramatic or impulsive behaviours.
What is antisocial personality disorder?
Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; impulsive, fearless, irresponsible; some genetic tendencies, including low arousal.
What is anorexia nervosa?
Person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a
starvation diet despite being significantly underweight.
What is bulimia nervosa?
Person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), fasting, or excessive exercise.
What is binge-eating disorder?
Significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.
