Psychological Disorders

Question 1

What is psychological disorders?

Answer 1

Syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotional regulation or behaviours

Question 2

What is the medical model?

Answer 2

Concept that diseases (psychological disorders) have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated through hospital treatment

Question 3

What is epigenetics?

Answer 3

Study of environmental influences on gene expression on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

Question 4

What is biopsychological approach?

Answer 4

General approach positioning that biological, psychological and social-cultural factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness.

Question 5

How does poverty influence rate of psychological disorders?

Answer 5

• Poverty is a risk factor

- Conditions and experiences associated with poverty contribute to the developmental psychological disorders

Question 6

What is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer 6

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 7

What are risk factors for increased vulnerability to mental disorders?

Answer 7

-Academic failure
-Birth complications
-Caring for those who are chronically ill or who have a
neuro cognitive disorder
-Child abuse and neglect
-Chronic insomnia
-Chronic pain

Question 8

What are protective factors for increased vulnerability to mental illness

Answer 8

• Aerobic exercise
• Community offering empowerment, opportunity, and security
• Economic independence
• Effective parenting

Question 9

What are anxiety disorders?

Answer 9

Marked by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety.

Question 10

What are generalised anxiety disorder?

Answer 10

Person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Question 11

What is panic disorder?

Answer 11

Person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread and often lives in fear of when the next attack might strike.

Question 12

What are phobias?

Answer 12

Person experiences a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Question 13

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Answer 13

• Characterised by persistent and repetitive thoughts
  (obsessions) , actions (compulsions)
• Occurs when obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours interfere with everyday life and cause distress.

Question 14

What is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Answer 14

Disorder characterised by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Question 15

What is major depressive disorder?

Answer 15

• Person experiences two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either
  1) Depressed mood or
  2) Loss of interest or pleasure.

Question 16

What is persistent depressive disorder?

Answer 16

Person experiences mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least two years, along with at least two other symptoms.

Question 17

What is bipolar disorder?

Answer 17

Disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness, lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Question 18

What is mania?

Answer 18

Hyperactive, widly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common

Question 19

Describe the depressed brain

Answer 19

• Brain activity slows during depression

- Left frontal lobe less active

Question 20

Describe the psychological and social influences: social-cognitive perspective of psychological disorders

Answer 20

• Depressed people view self and world negatively
• Learned helplessness may exist with self-defeating beliefs, self-focused rumination, and self-blaming and pessimistic explanatory style

Question 21

Describe the social cognitive perspective of psychological disorders

Answer 21

-Explores how people’s assumptions and expectations
influence their perceptions
-Self-defeating beliefs and negative explanatory style contribute to cycle of depression
-Views depression as an ongoing cycle of stressful experiences

Question 22

What is suicide?

Answer 22

-Higher risk with
diagnosis of depression but may occur with rebound
-Is more likely to occur when people feel disconnected from or burden to others

Question 23

What is non suicidal self-injury?

Answer 23

Includes cutting, burning, hitting oneself, pulling out hair, inserting objects under nails or skin, self- administered tattooing

Question 24

What is schizophrenia?

Answer 24

Psychological disorder characterised by delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Question 25

What is the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 25

• Disturbed perceptions
• Disorganised thinking and speech
• Diminished and inappropriate emotions and actions

Question 26

What is chronic schizophrenia?

Answer 26

• Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood
• As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

Question 27

What is chronic schizophrenia?

Answer 27

-Form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods

Question 28

What is psychotic disorders?

Answer 28

Group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, loss of contact with reality

Question 29

What is delusion?

Answer 29

A false of belief, often of persecution or grandeur that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 30

What is dissociative disorder?

Answer 30

Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 31

What is dissociative identity disorder?

Answer 31

Rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities– formerly called multiple personality disorder

Question 32

What is personality disorder?

Answer 32

Disruptive, inflexible, and enduring behaviour patterns that impair social functioning. This disorder forms three clusters, characterised by anxiety, eccentric or odd behaviours, and dramatic or impulsive behaviours.

Question 33

What is antisocial personality disorder?

Answer 33

Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; impulsive, fearless, irresponsible; some genetic tendencies, including low arousal.

Question 34

What is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 34

Person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a

starvation diet despite being significantly underweight.

Question 35

What is bulimia nervosa?

Answer 35

Person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), fasting, or excessive exercise.

Question 36

What is binge-eating disorder?

Answer 36

Significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.