PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS: RUMINATION / IMPAIRED REASONING AND MEMORY / STRESS / POOR SELF-EFFICACY

Question 1

PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS: RUMINATION

= Receptively brooding too much on negative events / thoughts that happened in the past

Answer 1

• The compulsively focused attention on the symptoms of one’s distress
• As opposed to its solutions
• Focuses on bad feelings and experiences from the past
• Brooding too much on negative events that happened in the past

Question 2

PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS: IMPAIRED REASONING AND MEMORY

Answer 2

• More likely to engage in Hugh risk factors
• Often associated with Dementia, Depression, Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder
• These impairments = severely impact day to day functioning. Result in a range of difficulties
  = Deficiencies in verbal fluency
  = Language processing
  = Interpretation of social situations
  = Development of delusions

Question 3

PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS: STRESS

Answer 3

• Can negatively impact mental health (If it is not hacked or managed
• Causes our bodies to release hormones (e.g. adrenalin and cortisol) - part of the fight-flight-freeze response
• Too much cortisol released over long periods of time = risk of developing a mental disorder (e.g. depression) is increased

Question 4

PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS: SELF-EFFICACY
= Belief about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events

• Self-system

Answer 4

• It is a person’s belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation
• These beliefs = described by Bandura as DETERMINANTS of how people think, behave and feel
• Self-system = How we perceive situations and how we behave in response to different situations. SELF-EFFICACY = essential part of this self-esteem

Question 5

PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS: SELF-EFFICACY

• Strong sense of self-efficacy
• Weak sense of self-efficacy

Answer 5

• Strong sense of self-efficacy
  = View challenging problems as tasks
  = Recover quickly from setbacks and disappointments
• Weak sense of self-efficacy
  = Avoid challenging tasks
  = The belief that difficult tasks and situations are beyond their capabilities
  = Focus more on failings and negative outcomes
  = Quickly lose confidence in personal abilities