FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS: RISK + PROTECTIVE / THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL AND THE 4 'P' FRAMEWORK

Question 1

RISK FACTORS
= Biological
= Psychological
= Sociocultural
= Environmental

Answer 1

• Contribute to the likelihood of a person suffering from a mental illness (disorder)
• Experiencing relapse

Question 2

PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Answer 2

• Guard against onset and relapse of mental illnesses

- Supports general well-being

Question 3

RISK FACTORS

• Individual attributes
• Social Circumstances
• Environmental factors

Answer 3

• Individual attributes
• Low self-esteem
• Difficulties in communicating
• Substance use
• Social Circumstances
• Loneliness
• Difficulties or failure at school
• Work stress, unemployment
• Environmental factors
• Poor access to basic services
• Injustice and discrimination
• Social and gender inequalities

Question 4

PROTECTIVE FACTORS

• Individual attributes
• Social Circumstances
• Environmental factors

Answer 4

• Individual attributes
• Self-esteem
• Confidence
• The ability to solve problems and manage stress or adversity
• Communication skills
• Social Circumstances
• Social support of family and friends
• Physical security and safety
• Good parenting/family interaction
• Environmental factors
• Social justice , tolerance
• Social and gender equality
• Physical security and safety

Question 5

THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL AND THE 4 ‘P’ FRAMEWORK

• Predisposing (Defining)
• Precipitating (Defining)
• Perpetuating (Defining)
• Protective (Defining)

Answer 5

PREDISPOSING
- Increases susceptibility
PRECIPITATING
- Increases susceptibility and contributes to reoccurrence
- The trigger = the catalyst
PERPETUATING
- Increases duration and inhibits recovery
- This prevents us from getting any better
PROTECTIVE
- Protect from initial onset
- Prevents reoccurrence

Question 6

THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL AND THE 4 ‘P’ FRAMEWORK

• Predisposing (BIOLOGICAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Precipitating (BIOLOGICAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Perpetuating (BIOLOGICAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Protective (BIOLOGICAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)

Answer 6

PREDISPOSING

• Family history
• Genetic vulnerability
• Physical illness

PRECIPITATING

• Poor sleep
• Substance use/misuse
• Physical illness

PERPETUATING

• Substance use/misuse
• Poor response to medication (due to genetic factors)

PROTECTIVE

• Adequate diet and sleep
• Physical exercise

Question 7

THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL AND THE 4 ‘P’ FRAMEWORK

• Predisposing (PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Precipitating (PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Perpetuating (PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Protective (PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)

Answer 7

PREDISPOSING

• Self-efficacy
• Learnt behaviours

PRECIPITATING

• Confronting news
• Life event stress

PERPETUATING

• Rumination
• Impaired memory and reasoning
• Avoidance behaviours

PROTECTIVE

• Resilient attitude/perspective
• Increase in self-esteem

Question 8

THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL AND THE 4 ‘P’ FRAMEWORK

• Predisposing (SOCIAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Precipitating (SOCIAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Perpetuating (SOCIAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)
• Protective (SOCIAL FACTOR EXAMPLE)

Answer 8

PREDISPOSING

• Neglect
• Abuse
• Trauma
• Disorganized attachment

PRECIPITATING

• Losing a job
• Loss of a significant relationship

PERPETUATING

• Role of stigma as a barrier to accessing treatment
• Lack of support
• Unemployment

PROTECTIVE

• Positive social group
• Satisfying job
• Suitable accommodation