Psychological Problems

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

An example of a cognitive bias, whereby the individuals exaggerates the problem

Question 2

CBT

Answer 2

A therapy which aims to change how the patient thinks in order to treat them

Question 3

REBT

Answer 3

Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (based on ABC model) and involves disputing depressed peoples irrational thinking

Question 4

Neurotransmitter

Answer 4

A chemical found in the nervous system which sends messages between separate nerve cells

Question 5

Antidepressant

Answer 5

A category of drugs used to treat depression

Question 6

SSRI

Answer 6

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is a type of drug used to treat depression. It increases the availability of serotonin.

Question 7

Reuptake

Answer 7

The reabsorption of excess neurotransmitters by the neuron

Question 8

Noradrenaline

Answer 8

A neurotransmitter which in depressed people is found at a very low level (not enough).

Question 9

MAOIs

Answer 9

A drug which prevents the enzyme MAO from breaking down noradrenaline

Question 10

Learning Theory

Answer 10

Suggests that behaviours are through association and experiences.

Question 11

Classical conditioning

Answer 11

Behaviour is learnt through associating stimuli and response.

Question 12

Operant conditioning

Answer 12

Behaviour is learnt through consequences (reinforcement)

Question 13

Placebo

Answer 13

A fake pill often used on research for the control group

Question 14

Social Learning Theory

Answer 14

Behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation of role models.

Question 15

Reinforcement

Answer 15

A consequence of an action which increases the likelihood of the behaviour occurring again.

Question 16

Functional Analysis

Answer 16

1st stage of CBT for addiction which identifies triggers

Question 17

Skills Training

Answer 17

2nd stage of CBT for addiction which involves learning to control behaviour e.g. being assertive if experiencing peer pressure

Question 18

Polymorphisms

Answer 18

A variant of a gene

Question 19

Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 19

claims that people have a genetic predisposition for a disorder but it is only triggered when in stressful situations.

Question 20

Predisposition

Answer 20

A tendency to develop a behaviour e.g. he had a genetic predisposition to become an addict

Question 21

Positive reinforcement

Answer 21

adding something good (reward)

Question 22

Negative reinforcement

Answer 22

taking away something bad

Question 23

Young

Answer 23

Studies the effectiveness of CBT with people addicted to the internet.

Question 24

Caspi et al.

Answer 24

Researched the influence of genes and life stress on depression

Question 25

ICD

Answer 25

International Classification of Diseases

Question 26

Psychomotor

Answer 26

symptoms of depression where thoughts relate to bodily feelings e.g. shaking limbs or feeling lethargic

Question 27

Cognitive Bias

Answer 27

This is an irrational way of thinking

Question 28

Negative Triad

Answer 28

A theory that depression is caused by negative schemas about self, world and future.

Question 29

Requirements diagnosis of depression

Answer 29

At least one symptom for most of the time for two weeks and at least one other symptom.

Question 30

Requirements diagnosis of addiction

Answer 30

At least 3 symptoms at the same time for 1 month or repeated occasions over a year

Question 31

Behavioural addiction

Answer 31

An addiction to an activity e.g. shopping

Question 32

Withdrawal

Answer 32

Negative feelings and thoughts associated with trying to quit an addictive substance/behaviour.

Question 33

Dependence

Answer 33

Needing the addictive substance/behaviour in order to function normally

Question 34

Tolerance

Answer 34

The need to increase the dosage of an addictive substance over time, in order to get the same effect as a lower dosage before.

Question 35

Addiction

Answer 35

A mental health problem where a substance or behaviour is needed for the sufferer to go about there normal life.

Question 36

Relapse

Answer 36

A failed attempt at quitting

Question 37

Dependence disorder

Answer 37

A mental health problem related to the body being dependent on a substance e.g. heroine

Question 38

Irrational Thinking

Answer 38

This is the cause of mental disorder according to the cognitive approaches

Question 39

How do negative schemas develop?

Answer 39

by past experiences

Question 40

5-HHT

Answer 40

A gene associated with the serotonin levels