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Psychology > Psychological Problems > Flashcards

Psychological Problems Flashcards

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1
Q

Magnification

A

An example of a cognitive bias, whereby the individuals exaggerates the problem

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2
Q

CBT

A

A therapy which aims to change how the patient thinks in order to treat them

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3
Q

REBT

A

Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (based on ABC model) and involves disputing depressed peoples irrational thinking

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4
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical found in the nervous system which sends messages between separate nerve cells

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5
Q

Antidepressant

A

A category of drugs used to treat depression

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6
Q

SSRI

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is a type of drug used to treat depression. It increases the availability of serotonin.

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7
Q

Reuptake

A

The reabsorption of excess neurotransmitters by the neuron

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8
Q

Noradrenaline

A

A neurotransmitter which in depressed people is found at a very low level (not enough).

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9
Q

MAOIs

A

A drug which prevents the enzyme MAO from breaking down noradrenaline

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10
Q

Learning Theory

A

Suggests that behaviours are through association and experiences.

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11
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Behaviour is learnt through associating stimuli and response.

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12
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Behaviour is learnt through consequences (reinforcement)

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13
Q

Placebo

A

A fake pill often used on research for the control group

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14
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation of role models.

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15
Q

Reinforcement

A

A consequence of an action which increases the likelihood of the behaviour occurring again.

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16
Q

Functional Analysis

A

1st stage of CBT for addiction which identifies triggers

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17
Q

Skills Training

A

2nd stage of CBT for addiction which involves learning to control behaviour e.g. being assertive if experiencing peer pressure

18
Q

Polymorphisms

A

A variant of a gene

19
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

claims that people have a genetic predisposition for a disorder but it is only triggered when in stressful situations.

20
Q

Predisposition

A

A tendency to develop a behaviour e.g. he had a genetic predisposition to become an addict

21
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

adding something good (reward)

22
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

taking away something bad

23
Q

Young

A

Studies the effectiveness of CBT with people addicted to the internet.

24
Q

Caspi et al.

A

Researched the influence of genes and life stress on depression

25
Q

ICD

A

International Classification of Diseases

26
Q

Psychomotor

A

symptoms of depression where thoughts relate to bodily feelings e.g. shaking limbs or feeling lethargic

27
Q

Cognitive Bias

A

This is an irrational way of thinking

28
Q

Negative Triad

A

A theory that depression is caused by negative schemas about self, world and future.

29
Q

Requirements diagnosis of depression

A

At least one symptom for most of the time for two weeks and at least one other symptom.

30
Q

Requirements diagnosis of addiction

A

At least 3 symptoms at the same time for 1 month or repeated occasions over a year

31
Q

Behavioural addiction

A

An addiction to an activity e.g. shopping

32
Q

Withdrawal

A

Negative feelings and thoughts associated with trying to quit an addictive substance/behaviour.

33
Q

Dependence

A

Needing the addictive substance/behaviour in order to function normally

34
Q

Tolerance

A

The need to increase the dosage of an addictive substance over time, in order to get the same effect as a lower dosage before.

35
Q

Addiction

A

A mental health problem where a substance or behaviour is needed for the sufferer to go about there normal life.

36
Q

Relapse

A

A failed attempt at quitting

37
Q

Dependence disorder

A

A mental health problem related to the body being dependent on a substance e.g. heroine

38
Q

Irrational Thinking

A

This is the cause of mental disorder according to the cognitive approaches

39
Q

How do negative schemas develop?

A

by past experiences

40
Q

5-HHT

A

A gene associated with the serotonin levels

Psychology (8 decks)

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