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Psychology > Criminal Psychology > Flashcards

Criminal Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

The avoidance of something unpleasant, so we do it again.

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2
Q

Primary reinforcers

A

These satisfy a basic biological need e.g. food, water, warmth and shelter.

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3
Q

Secondary reinforcers

A

These are of no survival value, but we have learned to associate them with a primary reinforcer e.g. money, credit cards.

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4
Q

Positive punishment

A

Receiving something unpleasant for a behaviour, so we do not do it again.

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5
Q

Negative punishment

A

Removing something pleasant so we do not repeat the behavior.

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6
Q

Social learning theory

A

Behaviour is learned through the observation and imitation of role models.

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7
Q

Retention

A

able to recall the modeled behavior

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8
Q

Modelling

A

Learning a new behavior through paying attention to, retaining, and reproducing the behavior of a role model.

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9
Q

Reproduction

A

An ability to reproduce the behavior

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10
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning new behaviours through watching and modelling a role model.

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11
Q

Motivation

A

this increases the likelihood of performing the observed behavior

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12
Q

Role model

A

A person who we admire or with whom we share similar characteristics.

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13
Q

Identification

A

this occurs in SLT when the learner replicates the behaviour and/or internalises belief

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14
Q

Vicarious reinforcement

A

Motivation to model the behaviours of others who we see being rewarded for their behaviour.

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15
Q

Chrisitan

A

Researcher who found higher concordance rates in crimnal activity for dizygotic twins than monozygotic twins

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16
Q

Concordance rate

A

The chance of both twins having something in common e.g. criminal ativity

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17
Q

Extravert

A

A personality type characterised by low levels or resting arousal and sensation-seeking behaviours

18
Q

Introvert

A

A personality type characterised by levels of resting arousal

19
Q

Psychotic

A

A personality type where the person shows a lack of fear and empathy towards others

20
Q

Neurotic

A

A personality type where the person is nervous and reacts strongly to negative emotions

21
Q

EPQ

A

A questionnaire used to measure extraversion, psychoticim and neuroticism

22
Q

Temperment

A

Someone nature. They are born with it and it affects behaviour.

23
Q

Socialisation

A

The way you are raised and taught to behave. It can vary according to P

24
Q

PEN

A

Criminal personality type

25
Q

PEN Criminal personality type

A

the protective care or guardianship of someone or something.

26
Q

Recidivism

A

Committing another crime after being released from an original crime

27
Q

Rehabilitation

A

A program designed to help criminal rather than punish them

28
Q

Humanitarian

A

Concern for a humans welfare

29
Q

community sentencing

A

offender serves to do work to improve their community e.g. cleaning graffiti

30
Q

Curfew

A

restriction on a time that an offender is allowed to be outside.

31
Q

Restorative justice

A

The process of a victim and offender meeting to resolve conflict and understand the pain caused by the crime

32
Q

Token Economy

A

A system of rewarding behaviours that are desirable

33
Q

Bandura

A

Investigated social learning theory using the bobo doll experiment

34
Q

Charlot et al

A

Investgated the introduction of TV on aggression and pro-social behaviour in St Helena

35
Q

Anger Management Program

A

For of rehabilitation consisting of cognitive preparation, skills acquisition, and application practice

36
Q

Cognitive preparation

A

step 1 of anger management: reflect on what makes the offender angry and how it is counter productive

37
Q

Skills acquisition

A

step 2 of anger management: learn to relax through deep breathing and to assertive

38
Q

Application practice

A

step 3: role-play situations where one feels angry and use skills to deal with the problem

39
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning the consequences of action

40
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Receiving something pleasant for a behaviour so we do it again

Psychology (8 decks)

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