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Psychology > Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Brain

A

The organ in your head made up of nerves. It processes information and controls behaviour.

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2
Q

Forebrain

A

The anterior part of the brain, including the hemispheres and the central brain structures.

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3
Q

Midbrain

A

The middle section of the brain forming part of the central nervous system.

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4
Q

Hindbrain

A

The lower part of the brain that includes the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata.

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5
Q

Anterior

A

Directed towards the front (when used in relation to our biology).

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6
Q

Posterior

A

Directed towards the back (when used in relation to our biology).

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

An area of the brain near to the brainstem that controls motor movements (muscle activity).

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8
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Connects the upper brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic responses. It controls involuntary responses such as sneezing and breathing, as well as heart rate and blood pressure.

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9
Q

Involuntary response

A

A response to a stimulus that occurs without someone making a conscious choice. They are automatic, such as reflexes.

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10
Q

Neural connections

A

Links formed by messages passing from one nerve cell (neuron) to another.

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11
Q

Symbolic play

A

Children play using objects and ideas to represent other objects and ideas.

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12
Q

Egocentrism

A

Unable to see the world from any other viewpoint but one’s own.

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13
Q

Animism

A

Believing that objects that are not alive can behave as if they are alive.

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14
Q

Centration

A

Focusing on one feature of a situation and ignoring other relevant features.

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15
Q

Irreversibility

A

Not understanding that an action can be reversed to return to the original state.

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16
Q

Morality

A

General principles about what is right and wrong, including good and bad behaviour.

17
Q

Schema/schemata(s) (development)

A

Mental representations of the world based on one’s own experiences. The plural of schema is ‘schemata’ through ‘schemas’ can also be used and is more common.

18
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Infants use their senses and movements to get information about the world. at first they live in the present. They develop object permanence and learn to control their movements.

19
Q

Pre-operational stage

A

Children engage in symbolic play. They think in pictures and use symbols, including some words (the beginning of language development). Children are egocentric and show animism. Later in this stage they start reasoning and show centration and irreversibility.

20
Q

Formal operational stage

A

Develops around 12 years old and is associated with the moral reasoning and deductive reasoning.

21
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

develops at age 7 to 12 and involves development of abilities to such conservation, reversibility, seration and decentration.

22
Q

Equilibrium

A

When a child’s schemas can explain all that they experience - a state of mental balance may have resulted from new accomodation.

23
Q

Assimilation

A

Incorporating new experiences into existing schemas.

24
Q

Accommodation

A

When a schema has to be changed to deal with a new experience.

25
Q

Three Mountain Task

A

An experiment by Piaget and Inhelder which tested egocentricism

26
Q

Mindset

A

A belief about something which influence our perceptions, interpretations of situations and how we behave.

27
Q

Fixed Mindset

A

Belief that abilities are unchangeable

28
Q

Growth Mindset

A

Belief that abilities are changeable

29
Q

Gunderson et al (2013)

A

A natural experiment showing process praise correlates to a belief that effort is worthwhile.

30
Q

3-4 weeks

A

Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain develops.

31
Q

6 weeks

A

Cerebellum starts to develop

32
Q

20 weeks

A

Medula begins to develop

33
Q

Seriation

A

Sorting objects into an order. Develops during concrete operational stage.

34
Q

Conservation

A

The child knows that quantity, length or number are not related to shape e.g. juice test

35
Q

Decentration

A

Ability to take on anothers viewpoint.

Psychology (8 decks)

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