Psychological must review Flashcards
1
Q
Memory and Sleep
Brain Areas
Hippocampus
A
- consolodation of short term (working) →to long term memory declarative memories
- declarative memory
- also spatial working memory
2
Q
Memory
Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum & Supplementary Motor Area
and damage to this area
A
- procedural & implicit memories (unconscious & automatic)
- damage-trouble w/new skills and doing previously learned skills
3
Q
Memory and Sleep
Amygdala function and damage
A
- attaching emotion to memory
- remember the emotional experience more than nonemotional
- damage emotional and nonemotional recall equally since it has not emotional attachment
4
Q
Sleep and Memory
Prefrontal Cortex
A
- working memory of short term memory
- also important for prospective memory
- event based prospective memory remembering to perform an action when triggered by external cue
- time based prospective memory- remember to perform action without external cue but rather time may involve cingulate cortex
5
Q
Memory and Sleep
Thalamus and mammillary bodies damage
A
- mammillary bodies
- damage can cause anterograde and retrograde amnesia
6
Q
Sleep and Memory
Neural Mechanisms
2 effects
A
- study comes from sea slugs
- short term storage of information ↑ release of serotonin
- long term storage develops new neurons Δ’s structure of neurons
7
Q
Neural Mechanisms
Long term potentiation LTP
A
- quick, ↑frequency stimulation Δ in synapse associated with LTM depends on RNA
- an essential role in learning and memory formation
- taking a drug that inhibits RNA synthesis at the time of training will prevent formation of long term NOT short term memories
8
Q
Sleep
2 theories
A
- recovery/restoration-purpose of sleep is to repair damage during wakefulness
- adaptive/evolutionary-sleep is related to the need to adapt to environmental threats
9
Q
Stages of Sleep
A
- BAT DR helps recall
- Stage 1 Awake
-
Beta-Bettah be awake
- ↑F↓alpha replaced by ↓F theta ways
- drowsey state
-
Beta-Bettah be awake
- Stage 2 Relaxed
- Alpha-Ahhhh…so relaxed b/c not processing information
- sleep spindles (interrupt-fast waves) and k complexes (large slow waves)
- Stage 3
-
Theta waves
- 20 minutes of sleep
- ↓F ↑ delta
-
Theta waves
- Stage 4
- DElta-DEep sleep-aka slow-wave sleep
- 3 & 4 are known as deep sleep
- these are stages sleepwalking occurs
- Stage 5
- Rapid Eye movement (REM)-Paradoxical Sleep
- paralyzed sleep/difficult to arouse
- 80-90 minutes into sleep
- bizarre vivid dreams
- 10 mins rem then non rem back and forth
- Rapid Eye movement (REM)-Paradoxical Sleep
10
Q
Lifestyle Δ’s in sleep
A
- newborns sleep longer than children and adults
- children have ↑REM sleep active to quiet sleep
- switches at 3 months of age
- 4 stages present at 6 months of age
- Adults -circadian phase advance-going to sleep and waking up earlier
11
Q
Emotions and Stress
James Lange Theory
A
- physiological reaction perceived as emotion
- Physiological ->then feel the fear/emotion
12
Q
Emotions and Stress
James Lange Theory
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
A
- physical changes are associated with specific emotions
- mimicking emotions smiling, making us feel happy
13
Q
Emotions and Stress
Cannon-Bard Theory
A
- emotional and physical arousal
- emotion & physiological (thalamus) = same time
- differences in emotion cannot be related to the different physiological response
14
Q
Emotions and Stress
Schachter and Singer two factor theory
Mis-Attribution of Arousal
A
mislabel arousal when cause is unknown
15
Q
Emotion and Stress
Schachter and Singer two factor theory
A
- aka cognitive arousal theory
- cognitive arousal
- physiological –>attribution (cognitive label)
