Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry > Psychological Models of Addiction > Flashcards

Psychological Models of Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

What categories can the costs of addiction fall under?

A

Health, social, economic and criminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the key policies around addiction?

A

Road to recovery = new approach to tackling Scotland’s drug problem
Hidden harm = Scottish Executive response to the report on the misuse of alcohol
Changing Scotland’s relationship with alcohol = framework for change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the core features of addictive behaviour?

A

Salience = importance, dominance
Mood modification = rush and escape
Tolerance = escalation for effect, increasing intensity
Withdrawl = unpleasant effect when use prevented
Conflict = interpersonal, intrapsychic, loss of control
Relapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the moral model of addiction?

A

Addictions seen as wilful violations of societal rules as a result of human weakness
Individual is primary causal factor = something is morally wrong with them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the focus of the moral model of addiction?

A

Moral persuasion, imprisonment or spiritual guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the dispositional disease model of addiction?

A

Primary causal factor is individual = loss of control and restraint is central premise
Addiction is irreversible but can be stopped by total abstinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the personality model of addiction?

A

Primary causal factor is individual = roots of addiction lie in abnormal personality
Resolution requires the restructuring of personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causal traits of addiction under the personality model?

A

Poor impulse control, low self esteem, inability to cope with stress, egocentricity, manipulative traits, need for control, feeling powerless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the premise of Bion?

A

Psychic states and feelings have to be contained to be manageable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some features of Bion?

A

Primary motivation = desperate search for container

Drug of choice represents childhood mother = becomes central object of need and supplants other relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the medical model of addiction?

A

Emphasis on genetic and physiological processes determining addiction
Tries to identify unique biological conditions which contribute to addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the evidence in support of the medical model of addiction?

A

Addiction is about 50% heritable

Physiological processes influence vulnerability and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the discrete neural circuits involved in different stages of addiction?

A 
Binge-intoxication = VTA, ventral striatum
Withdrawl = amygdala
Preoccupation = cortex, hippocampus, insula, cingulate gyrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the limitations of the medical model of addiction?

A

Medical treatments are less effective in promoting abstinence and don’t exist for many addictive behaviours
Addiction is primarily disorder of behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do people learn behaviours?

A

Through interactions with our internal/external worlds = actions are influenced by associations made between behaviour and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is engaging in behaviours underpinned by?

A

Principles of reinforcement

17
Q

What does addiction result from under the behavioural model?

A

Well-rehearsed, over-learned repertoires of behaviour

18
Q

What is conditioning?

A

Process of learned behaviour modification whereby an individual comes to associate a desired behaviour with previous unrelated stimuli

19
Q

What does treatment of substance misuse require?

A

Must involve relearning new behaviours since substance misuse is a learned behaviour

20
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Associative learning = through repeated pairings with the cue a previous neutral stimuli will come to elicit the same response

21
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Instrumental learning = learning by connecting the consequences of an action with the preceding behaviour

22
Q

What is a habit?

A

Acquired behaviour pattern regularly followed until it becomes almost involuntary = due to associative and instrumental learning

23
Q

What is the cognitive theory of addiction?

A

Addiction recruits and influences cognitive processes = attention and memory biases
Selectively recall particular addiction related info
Implicit bias toward detection of addiction related cues
Leads to involuntary responses and lack of cognitive control

24
Q

What are the features of controlled cognitive processing?

A

Slow, deliberate, effortful, conscious, sequential

25
Q

What are the features of automatic cognitive processing?

A

Fast, unintentional, no effort required, usually out of awareness, in parallel

26
Q

What does learning a new behaviour require?

A

Controlled processing

27
Q

What do practice and learning cause?

A

Make controlled processing obsolete = processes become automatic due to overlearning

28
Q

What happens to the sequence of a behaviour once it has been learned?

A

Stored in memory and is activated by cues = conscious deliberate thought is no longer required

29
Q

What is the function of addictive behaviour?

A

Feel good factor = substance provides more of something, common in social/celebratory situations
Escape = thoughts/feelings seen as overwhelming, substances help to block out and provide escape

30
Q

What is the central premise of the cognitive behavioural model of addiction?

A

Perception and thought, in addition to unconscious processes, influence emotion and behaviour

31
Q

What are the features of the cognitive behavioural model?

A

Addictive thinking maintains drug or alcohol use

Changes in addictive behaviour occur due to changes in motivation, cognition and appraisal

32
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model of addiction?

A

Concerned with interactions between biological, psychological and social factors
Holistic approach = no factors are dominant

33
Q

What are the biological factors in addiction?

A

Current non-prescribed or prescribed drug use
Physical dependency and injecting behaviours
Drug use and treatment history
High risk sexual behaviour
General physical health and physical treatment goals

34
Q

What are the psychological factors in addiction?

A

Full personal/developmental history
Functional analysis of current drug use
Beliefs about drug use and coping skills/styles
Cognitive functioning
Current or past psychological/psychiatric problems
Psychological treatment goals

35
Q

What are the social factors in addiction?

A

Exploring significant relationships
Housing and employment
Financial difficulties and contact with law enforcement
Social treatment goals

Psychiatry (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions