Abnormal Mood - Depression Flashcards
What is the epidemiology of mental disorders?
Peak in late 30s and onwards
50% of all mental disorders start before age 14
50% of all mood disorders starts before age 30
What are some terms used to describe mood?
Euthymic = normal mood Cyclothymic = variable mood
What are some key terms used for symptoms of depression?
Anhedonia = lack of enjoyment or pleasure Anergia = lack of energy Amotivation = lack of motivation
What does diurnal variation mean?
Symptoms vary over the course of the day
What is psychomotor retardation?
Subjective or objective slowing of thoughts and/or movement
What is stupor?
Absence of relational features
What are some features of a depressed patient’s mood and behaviour in the mental state examination?
Reduced facial expression = classically furrowed brow
Reduced eye contact and limited gesturing
Rapport often difficult to establish
How may a depressed patient’s use of language appear in a mental state examination?
Reduced rate, volume and intonation of speech
Increased speech latencies and limited content
How is mood defined?
Prolonged/prevailing state or disposition = subjective, associated with what the patient describes
How is affect defined?
How mood is applied to things = objective, something you observe or infer from how the patient reacts
How may a patient with depression describe their mood?
Low, down, miserable, unhappy, flat, empty, numb
What is the affect of a patient with depression?
Depressed, reduced range, limited reactivity, may report emotional paralysis
What parameters are used to describe thought?
Form, flow and content
How does depression affect a patient’s though form and flow?
Form = usually normal Flow = thoughts are slowed, can be almost absent
What are the content of the thoughts of a depressed patient?
Negative, self-accusatory, failure, low self-esteem, delusions of guilt or poverty, suicidal thinking