Psychological Models of Addiction Flashcards
List 6 core features of Addictive Behaviour.
- Salience (importance)
- Mood Modification
- Tolerance (^^ intensity)
- Withdrawal
- Conflict (interpersonal/intrapsychic)
- Relapse
What is the Personality model of Addiction?
- one’s personality traits (poor impulse control; low self-esteem, inability to COPE with stress); egocentric, all contribute to addiction
What is the MORAL model?
- something MORALLY wrong in the individual
- Willfull violation of societal rules (human weakness)
List the disease models in chronological manner or when it orginated.
- Dispositional Disease Model (30s)
- Medical Model (70s)
- Evidence Supporting Medical model
What does the dispositional disease model imply?
- causal factor is the INdividual
- addicitive disease is “IRREVERSIBLE”; no cure; unless total ABSTINENCE
What does the medical model imply?
- that addiction comes about through genetic and physiological processes
- unique biological conditions CONTRIBUTE to the addiction
- pharmaco of drug is considered
What does the ESM model incorporate?
- states addiction is 50% heritable
- physiological processes influence vulnerability
- neural circuits are involved
What neural circuit is resp. for BINGE intoxication?
VTA–Ventral Striatum
What neural circuit is resp. for withdrawal and negative effect?
Amygdala
What is neural circuit is involved in preoccupation/ anticipation (craving)?
prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, insula, cingulate gyrus—sites involved in decision making (executive function is impaired with drug use—you might want to stop using drugs but your makes decisions otherwise)
How is the executive function involved in drug addiction?
- this function that is essential for making choices of using drugs of not
- helps to OVER-RIDE the strong urge to take subs.
With addiction, there is said to be a fault in the Go or Stop system of the brain…what is amplified in drug addiction?
Substance STRENGTHEN the “GO” system > drastic impulsivity seen in BEHAVIOUR and EMOTIONS of those struggling with addiction
What are the cons of the Evidence Medical Model?
- medical rx are LESS effective in PROMOTING abstinence
- rxs do not exist for MANY addictive behaviours
What do the behavioural models imply?
- that engaging in behaviours are underpinned by principles of reinforcement
what is conditioning?
- process of behaviour modification ; where an individual comes to ASSOCIATE a desired behaviour with a previous unrelated stimuli
- dog learns that bell ring means meal time
Is substance misuse is a learned behaviour, then rx must involve _________
relearning new behaviours
Why does substance misuse become a learned habit?
- because taking subst. is pleasurable
> likely to LEAD to REWARDING consequences !
> increased use
What theory did Pavlov introduce?
Associative Learning (classical conditioning)---a previously neutral stimuli elicits the same resp.
What did Skinner introduce?
INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING
(operant conditioning)
- learning by connecting consequences of actions with the preceding behaviour
What does reinforcement imply? (3)
- it INCREASES the freq. of behaviour
(+)ve : use of drugs to feel more relaxed
(-)ve: use of drugs to get rid of withdrawals
What does punishment bring about?
- a decrease in FREQ. of behaviour
(+)ve: being shouted at by partner d.t using
(-)ve: losing home/ family d.t using
Distinguish opperant conditioning from classical conditioning.
- classical conditioning pairs 2 stimuli …and brings out involuntary behaviour
- opperant conditioning pair behaviour and response together, and bring out voluntary behaviour
Define Habit formation.
- an acquired BEHAVIOUR pattern regularly followed until it becomes ALMOST involuntary
- acquired by learning mechanisms
- automaticity
What cognitive processes does addiction recruit?
- attention bias (detection of addiction related cues)
- memory bias (selectively recalls addiction related info.)
»>involuntary addictive behaviour and LACK OF COGNITION
