Psychological Explination of Sz Flashcards
Who suggested that children who recieve contradictory messages get Sz
Bateson
What is the double bind theory
If a child recieves two conflicting messages e.g a mother tells them she loves them but turns away in disgust, it prevents development of an internally coherent construction of reality, creating Sz symptoms
What is the Expressed Emotion theory
It sugests that the family communication style creates Sz, with family being overly critical of the patient as well as being over involved. Kuipers found that high EE relatives talk more and listen less. Linszen found a patient returning to a high EE family is up to four times more likely to relapse
Who found a patient returning to a high EE family is 4x more likely to relapse
Linszen
WHo found that high EE relatives talk more and listen less
Kuipers
What is the cognitive explination of delusions
Focuses on irrational thought. The interpretation of events is controlled by inadequate information processing, with a critical characteristic being the Sz patient putting themselves as the central component of events and so jumps to conclusions about external events (egocentric bias)
What is the cognitive explination of hallucinations
It is suggested that hallucinating individuals focus excessive attention on auditory stimuli and so have a higher expectancy of an occurance of a voice than normal individuals. Aleman suggested that these individuals struggle to distinguish between imagery and sensory based pereptions, so an inner representation of an idea can produce an auditory image.
How have adoption studies shown the importance of family relationships (eval)
Tienari et al found that adopted children who had SZ biological parents were more likely to become ill themselves than were children of non-Sz parents. However this only occured in situations where the adopted family was itself rated as disturbed. This suggests that genetic vulnerability alone is not enough
Who did an adoption study and found environmental factors were needed
Tienari
What evidence has supported the double bind theory (eval)
Berger found that schizophrenics reported a higher recall of double blind statements from their mothers than non-Sz. However some research, such as that done by Liem, has found no difference in parental communication with Sz people to normal families. Possibly the real value of the theory has been in developing family therapy, which can improve interactions
Who found evidence of the double blind theory
Berger
Who found not-evidence of the double blind theory
Liem
What evidence has supported the origin of Sz in faulty cognition
Sarin and Wallin found that delusional patients had various biases in information processing, such as jumping to conclusions and lack of reality testing. They also had imparied self-monitoring and tended to experience their own thoughts as voices
Who found evidence of faulty thinking in Sz patients
Sarin and Wallin
What is the integrated model of Sz and how may it support elements of the psychological explination
Developed by Howes and Murray, they combined early vulnerability factors like genes with the exposure to increased social stressors, sensitises of the dopamine system, causing it to increase the release of dopamine. Biased cognitive processing of the increased dopamine activity then results in paranoia and hallucinations and eventually psychosis
Who created the integrated model of Sz
Howes and Murray
