Classification of Schizophrenia Flashcards
What diagnostic manuals are there for Sz
The DSM-V and the ICD-11
Where is the DSM and ICD used
DSM - America
ICD - Europe and rest of world
What is the main criteria for diagnosing Sz in the DSM-V
Two or more symptoms must be present during a 1 month period, with one of them being Delusions, Hallucinations or Disorganised Speech
What are the postivie symptoms of Sz
-Hallucinations
-Delusions
-Disorganised Speech
-Grossly disorganised or catatonic behvaiour
What are the negative symptoms of Sz
-Alogia (Speech poverty)
-Avolition
-Affective flattening
-Anhedonia
What are hallucinations
Bizarre, unreal perceptions of the environment. Usually auditory, but can be visual, olfactory or tactile
What are delusions
Bizarre beliefs that seem real to the person with Sz, but are not real. Can be paranoid delusions, delusions of grandeur or delusions of reference (where events in the environment seem directly related to them e.g messages on tv)
What is disorganised speech
A result of abnormal thought processes, as the individual has difficulty organising their thoughts and this shows up in their speech. Could be derailment (slipping into another topic) or word salad e.g complete gibberish
What is grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
Inability or lack of motivation to initiate or finish a task, can lead to decreased interest in personal hygene. Catatonic behaviour is reduced reaction to immediate environment, rigit postures or aimless motor activity
What is alogia
Speech poverty characterised by the lessening of speech fluency and productivity, thought to reflect slowing or blocked thoughts. Speech may have less complicated syntax
What is Avolition
Reduction in interest or desires as well as an inability to initiate and persist in goal oriented behaviour
What is affective flattening
Reduction in range and intesity of emotional expression. Patients may show a deficit of prosody (extra info when speaking not explicitly contained in a sentence)
What is Anhedonia
Loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, or lack of reactivity to normally pleasurable stimuli.
