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PSYA4 > Psychological Explanations of SZ > Flashcards

Psychological Explanations of SZ Flashcards

1
Q

Who proposed psychodynamic approach?

A

Freud

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2
Q

What is SZ, according to Freud?

A

Regression to pre-ego state

Attempts to re-establish ego control

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3
Q

Psychodynamic - how can the world of a schizophrenic affect its onset?

A
  • Hard world (e.g. cold/uncaring parents)

- Individual regresses to before ego was properly formed and without realistic awareness of outside world

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4
Q

What did Freud see SZ as?

A

Infantile state with some symptoms reflecting this primitive condition and other symptoms (hallucinations) displaying attempts to re establish control

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5
Q

What is a limitation of Freuds psychodynamic approach?

A

No research evidence to support other than psychoanalysts claim disordered fam patterns are the cause

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6
Q

What did Fromm-Reichmann find regarding psychodynamic applications?

A

Schizophrenogenic mothers/families that are rejecting/dominant/overprotective are contributory factors

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7
Q

Further support regarding parents of SZ patients for Psychodynamic?

A

Studies - parents do behave differently, particularly in presence of disturbed offspring

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8
Q

parents do behave diff, particularly in presence of disturbed offspring…

A

May be consequence rather than cause

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9
Q

Where do bio factors come into play in cognitive explanations?

A

Causes initial sensory experiences

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10
Q

How do cognitive factors influence the offset of SZ?

A
  • Individual attempts to understand new experiences

- Turn to others to confirm beliefs, when people fail to, leads to belief that others are hiding the truth

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11
Q

What will ultimately happen as cognitive factors influence sz?

A

Begin to reject feedback from others and develop delusional beliefs

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12
Q

What are the AO1 Points?

A 
Psychodynamic Approach
Cognitive Factors
Life Events
Double Blind Theory
Expressed Emotion
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13
Q

What are the AO2 points?

A 
Psychodynamic Applications
Cognitive Support
Life Events
Double Blind Theory
Family Relationships
Expressed Emosion
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14
Q

What is a strength of the cognitive factors explanation?

A

1) Much evidence on a physical basis to support

2) Support for treatment

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15
Q

What did Meyer-Lindeberg find?

A

Link between excess dopamine in pre-frontal cortex and working memory

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16
Q

The suggestion that ‘madness’ is a consequence of disbelieving others…

A

Receives support in terms of treatment implications

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17
Q

What did Yellowlees do?

A

Virtual hallucination machine - e.g. hearing TV tell someone to kill themselves

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18
Q

Was was Yellowlee’s hallucination machine designed to do?

A

Show SZ patients hallucinations are not real

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19
Q

Is Yellowlee’s machine successful?

A

As of rn, no evidence

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20
Q

What are 4 socio-cultural explanations of SZ?

A

Life Events
Double Blind Theory
Family Relationships
Expressed Emotion

21
Q

What are life events?

A

Major stress factor associated with SZ

22
Q

What are discrete stresses?

A

Death of family member

23
Q

What is the death of a family member an example of?

A

Discrete stresses

24
Q

What did Brown and Birley find regarding life events/SZ link?

A
  • Prior to SZ episode, those who had previously experienced SZ reported twice as many stressful life events in comparison to healthy control group
25
Q

What did further research regarding life events/sz find?

A

LE’s had increased effect after relapse rather than concentrated effect before

26
Q

What is a limitation of the life events/sZ explanation ?

A

No casual link

27
Q

What are two limitations regarding the idea there is no casual link between life events/sz

A
  • Van Os et al - no link
  • Research is purely correlational, cannot infer direct link
  • Erratic behaviour at beginning of SZ could be cause of life events rather than consequence
28
Q

What is the double blind theory?

A

Children who receive contradictory messages from parents are more likely to have SZ

29
Q

What is an example of a contradictory message in the DBT?

A

Mother tells child she loves them then turns away in disgust

30
Q

What is a mother telling a child she loves them then turning away in disgust?

A

Conflicting messages on different communicative levels

31
Q

What happens to a child when they receive contradictory messages?

A

Response is incapacitated by contradictions

Prevents development of internally coherent contraction of reality

32
Q

Who supported the DBT explanation?

A

Echoed by RD Laing - SZ is reasonable response to an insane world

33
Q

AO2 for the Double Blind Theory?

A

Some evidence to support this account of SZ dvlpt

34
Q

What did Berger find in relation to the DBT?

A

SZs reported higher recall of double blind statements

35
Q

What is a problem with Bergers study into DBT?

A

Retrospective data

36
Q

What are two pieces of evidence against the DBT?

A

Liem - patterns of parental communications, no diff between SZ family and normal family
Hall and Levin - analysis of previous studies, no diff between sz fams and non sz families

37
Q

Where can the importance of Fam relationships be seen?

A

Tinari’s adoption study

38
Q

AO2 fam relationships. If parent had SZ, child were more likely to develop SZ.. but this only occurred

A
  • When adoptees rated as disturbed
39
Q

Family Relationships AO2 (adoptive parents rated as disturbed) What might be the trigger?

A

Poor environmental factors

40
Q

How can Expressed Emotion lead to SZ?

A

Negative emotion climate (high degree of expressed emotions)

41
Q

In family environments, what might EE involve?

A

Fmily communication styke involving criticism, hostility

42
Q

What can high levels of EE in the family environment cause?

A
  • Relapse rates by up to 4x more than low EE family
43
Q

What study illustrated the effects of expressed emotions EE?

A
  • Iranian culture
  • High EE
  • Main cause of SZ relapses
44
Q

How can EE lead to SZ relapse?

A

Negative emotional climate aroused patient = stress beyond their coping mechanisms

45
Q

Is there research support for EE?

A

Yes - substantial in comparison to DBT

46
Q

What must we question when looking at EE as a SZ trigger?

A

Whether it is a cause or effect of SZ

47
Q

What has EE research lead to?

A

Effective family therapy

48
Q

How can EE research lead to effective family therapy?

A

High EE members taught ways to reduce EE levels

49
Q

What is a limitation of family therapy that has arose from EE?

A

EE or general family intervention that lead to success

PSYA4 (13 decks)

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