Media Influences on Anti Social Behaviour

Question 1

What are the 4 explanations of Media on AS behaviours

Answer 1

1) Observational learning/imitation
2) Cognitive priming
3) Desensitisation
4) Justification

Question 2

What is Observational Learning and Imitation based on

Answer 2

SLT

Question 3

Who do children observe on TV which might influence their own behaviour

Answer 3

Media models (especially those who child admires and identifies with)

Question 4

Positive/negative consequences of violent behaviour are shown. Why might this lead to imitation?

Answer 4

If model is successful in gaining objectives

Question 5

What increases the likelihood of a child recreating the AS scenes of a TV show?

Answer 5

• More ‘real’

- More child identifies with model

Question 6

What evidence from natural experiment supports the observational learning and imitation theory?

Answer 6

10 day analysis following boxing championships, signif rise in murders

Question 7

What is a limitation of the observational learning and imitation theory?

Answer 7

Bandura’s study provides main underlying support, but we cannot rely on this link

Question 8

Why is Banduras study the main underlying support for OLAI?

Answer 8

Imitation took place even when such models were not real (cartoon)

Question 9

Why is such imitation rare outside of Bandura type studies?

Answer 9

• Lab experiment, lacks mundane realism

- Children reported as aggressive outside of condition

Question 10

Children in Banduras study were already rated as aggressive outside of the study. What does this show?

Answer 10

• Cannot establish cause and effect

- Pre-existing factors, confounding variables

Question 11

What is Cognitive Priming?

Answer 11

Activation of aggressive thoughts & feelings

Question 12

What can cognitive priming explain?

Answer 12

Why children observe one kind of aggression and commit another

Question 13

In the CP explanation, what does exposure to aggression do?

Answer 13

• Viewer is primed

- Network of aggression based memories are retrieved from this stimulus

Question 14

In CP, what does frequent exposure to violent scenes mea?

Answer 14

Scripts are stored for aggressive behaviour

Question 15

Who provided support for Cognitive Priming

Answer 15

Josephson

Question 16

What was the method of Josephsons study?

Answer 16

• Hockey players frustrated

- Shown either violent or non violent film where actor held walkie talkie

Question 17

What was found in Josephsons study?

Answer 17

• MOst aggressive if had seen violent film and referee was holding walkie talkie

Question 18

Why were the players more aggressive in Josephsons study?

Answer 18

Walkie talkie had clearly acted as cue for aggression

Question 19

What does the desensitisation explanation assume under normal conditions?

Answer 19

Anxiety about violence inhibits its use

Question 20

Desensitisation: what might frequent violence exposure do

Answer 20

• Desensitise

- More child watches, more acceptable it becomes

Question 21

How might desensitisation affect a childs violence?

Answer 21

Exposure to violence becomes generalised to real world - less anxiety

Question 22

If there is less anxiety centred around violence then…

Answer 22

It is easier to commit

Question 23

What is a AO2 point for desensitisation?

Answer 23

Limited support

Question 24

What does Cumberbatch say about desensitisation?

Answer 24

• ‘Getting used’ to on-screen violence does not always mean used to IRL vilence

Question 25

Why might people not get used to IRL violence?

Answer 25

On screen violence more likely to make children frightened than frightening

Question 26

What is justification?

Answer 26

Violent TV provides moral guidelines concerning what is right.
Aggressive children might watch more to relieve their guilt

Question 27

Why might on-screen violence make children violent again?

Answer 27

• Unpunished violence further reduces concerns

- Children feel less inhibited

Question 28

What TV show found support of justification?

Answer 28

A Team

Question 29

What happened in the A Team?

Answer 29

‘Good guys’ behaved violently

Question 30

How might the A Team promote aggression?

Answer 30

Aggression by PS characters lends moral justification to violence

Question 31

AO3 point for AS effects?

Answer 31

Gender Bias

Question 32

How does research into AS suffer from gender bias?

Answer 32

-Male-Male violence generally focused on

Question 33

Why might male-male violence suffer from gender bias?

Answer 33

How would this impact male-female or female-female aggression? We cannot make genersliations

Question 34

What TWO studies show media does NOT lead to AS behaviour?

Answer 34

St Helena

Anti-Effects Lobby

Question 35

What is the St Helena study

Answer 35

Natural experiment of British colony in SA Ocean

Question 36

What was expected of the St Helena study

Answer 36

Region would see increase in AS behaviour

Question 37

What was found in the St Helena study

Answer 37

Very little change in AS behaviour

Measures that did show a diff split equally between P/N

Question 38

What does the ST Helena study show?

Answer 38

Assumption that media might be sole cause of AS behaviour is reductionist (deindividuation?)

Question 39

What is the Anti Effects Lobby

Answer 39

• 1500+ boys interviewed
• Least TV = least aggressive
• Most TV = less aggressive than moderate

Question 40

What does the AE Lobby show?

Answer 40

Unpredictable link between media and AS behaviour

Question 41

3 limitations of the AE Lobby?

Answer 41

Gender Bias
Social Desirability
Retrospective Data

Question 42

Evidence against AE Lobby

Answer 42

Meta analysis - highly signif correlation