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Psychology: Schizophrenia > Psychological explanations > Flashcards

Psychological explanations Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 psychological explanations of schizophrenia?

A

Family dysfunction and cognitive explanations

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2
Q

What is family dysfunction?

A

The presence of problems within a family that contribute to relapse rates in recovering schizophrenics

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3
Q

Who proposed the double bind theory?

A

Bateson

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4
Q

What is the double bind theory?

A

The theory that children who frequently receive contradictory messages from their parents are more likely to develop schizophrenia

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5
Q

Give one example of the double bind theory.

A

A mother tells her son she loves him, but shouts it and looks away in disgust

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6
Q

How do double bind statements lead to schizophrenia?

A

They can lead to an internally incoherent construction of reality, and may manifest as schizophrenic symptoms

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7
Q

What is expressed emotion?

A

A hostile family communication style between family members

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8
Q

Are high EE family members talkers or listeners?

A

They talk more and listen less

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9
Q

How much more likely are schizophrenics with high EE families to relapse?

A

4x

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10
Q

What can be said about the thought processing of schizophrenics?

A

It is dysfunctional

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11
Q

What does dysfunctional thought processing lead to?

A

Positive symptoms

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12
Q

Which two biases do schizophrenics most commonly experience?

A

Egocentric bias + Jumping to conclusions bias

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13
Q

What is egocentric bias?

A

When an individual incorrectly percieves themself as the central component in events

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14
Q

What is jumping to conclusions bias?

A

When an individual jumps to conclusions based on inadequate information

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15
Q

What is the cognitive explanation of delusions?

A

The patients interpretations of their experiences are controlled by inadeqaute information processing

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16
Q

What is the cognitive explanation of hallucinations?

A

The individual focuses excessive attention on auditory stimuli

17
Q

How does hypervigilance lead to hallucinations?

A

They have a higher expectancy for the occurence of a voice than ‘normal’ individuals

18
Q

What do hallucination prone individuals find it difficult to distinguish between?

A

Imagery and sensory-based perception

19
Q

What are the 2 AO3 points of family dysfunction explanations of schizophrenia?

A

1) Individual differences to EE
2) Support for double bind

20
Q

What percentage of schizophrenic patients had no physiological responses to stressful comments from their relatives?

A

25%

21
Q

What suggests there are individual differences in the effect of EE?

A

Not all schizophrenics who live in high EE families relapse, and not all non-schizophrenics who live in low EE families avoid relapse

22
Q

What did one psychologist find schizophrenics had a higher recall of than non-schizophrenics?

A

Double bind statements

23
Q

Why is double bind theory valuable?

A

It led to the development of family therapy

24
Q

What are the 2 AO3 points of cognitive explanations of schizophrenia?

A

1) Support from the success of cognitive therapies
2) Support for the cognitive models

25
Q

What supports the belief that the symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by dysfunctional thought processing?

A

The success of cognitive-based therapies

26
Q

Which review demonstrated the effectiveness of CBTp?

A

The NICE review

27
Q

What did the NICE review into the effectiveness of CBTp find?

A

That when paired with antipsychotics, CBTp was highly effective at reducing symptom severity + improving levels of social functioning

28
Q

What were delusional schizophrenics found to have?

A

Various biases in their information processing

29
Q

What do schizophrenics who suffer from hallucinations found to have?

A

Impaired self monitoring + tended to experience their own thoughts as voices

Psychology: Schizophrenia (9 decks)

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